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- Sexual satisfaction and binge eating behaviors: correlation studyPublication . Pereira, Filomena; Pereira, Ana Maria Geraldes Rodrigues; Ribeiro, Maria Isabel; Veiga-Branco, AugustaAs basic human needs, diet and sexuality depend on the connections of multiple systems (muscular, neuro-endocrine, metabolic and reproductive), as well as aspects related to emotions, feelings and pleasure. Methods: A transversal, exploratory and quantitative, descriptive and correlational study. The instruments for data collection were the following: a questionnaire to describe the participants, the Index of Sexual Satisfaction (ISS) and the Binge Eating Scale (BES), both of which were translated and adapted to the Portuguese population. The statistical analysis was carried out with the statistics software program SPSS, version 23. Results: The results of the descriptive analysis show a sample of 306 patients, of which 69.3% are female and 30.7% are male, witb ages ranging from 18 to 64 years old. The study shows that the Binge Eating Scale (BES) is divided into three levels, with 219 respondents (71.6% of the sample) who are non-binging, followed by 49 patients (16% of the sample) with moderate binge and finally, in smaller numbers, 38 patients (12.4% of the sample) with severe binging. Furthermore, the study shows that even those with a BMI in the healthy weight range (4.5% and 1.5% in this category) show a moderate BES and a severe BES respectively.The correlational analysis confirmed the existence of a statistically significant (p ,205; α ,000) positive correlation between the sexual satisfaction of the sample and lhe level of binge eating. Furthermore, there was a highly significant statistical correlation between the BES, ISS and BMI variables, with a triangulation effect. Conclusion; This study demonstrates that people with normal weight or with an apparently "normal" profile can in fact show binge eating behaviors. In the study related to the level of Sexual Satisfaction (SS) of patients on difterent scales ofthe Boáy Mass Index (IMC), lhe average rate of ISS increases with the degree of obesity, indicating that these groups are dissatisfied with their sexuality, which increases with the level of BMI.
- Sexual initiation, number of sexual partners and body mass indexPublication . Pereira, Filomena; Veiga-Branco, AugustaThere is a relationship between the onset of sexual activity, the number of sexual partners and BMI: corroborating the literature, the number of sexual partners will tend to be higher for a lower BMI, people with obesity and overweight self-report fewer of sexual partners compared with normal weight people. In addition, it was found that people with a higher education level tend to have more sexual partners. It is also suggestive that the variability of the increase of BMI to occur with the decrease in the number of partners and education level.
- Emotional state, state nutrition and body imagePublication . Veiga-Branco, Augusta; Pereira, Filomena; Tavares, Mariline; Mendes, PauloLiterature exposes the relationship between body dissatisfaction and low self-esteem, depression and changes in eating behavior (Silva, 2009). Depression is strongly associated with anxiety and stress, which in turn, are directly related to changes in appetite and food preferences, reflected in the nutritional status of individuals (Gomes, 2010). To characterize the perception of body image and nutritional and emotional state of outpatients in Nutrition consultation; Know the incidence of the presentation of emotional instability in individuals with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. An exploratory and quantitative study in a sample of 88 individuals between 18 and 65 years, of both genders, anthropometric measurements (weight, height and BMI) performed at the time of the query, using the Tanita scale body composition analyzer TBF- 300, and stadiometer Seca model 206 still constituted methodology for evaluating the Beck Depression Inventory (Gorestein, 1998) and the graph Perception of Body Image (Stunkard, 1983). Results: 54.5% of the sample shows criterion depression, but most of sample shows a mild to moderate stage. 95.7% of respondents demonstrate dissatisfaction with body image, evidencing 93.2% strongly dissatisfied for excess. 94.3% of the sample has ≥ 25 kg BMI/m2. Individuals in excess weight or obesity also demonstrate dissatisfaction of body image and depressive symptoms, suggesting a strong positive correlation between BMI and depressive state. Thus, to validate this correlation is suggested to continue the study, enlarging the sample to obtain greater statistical significance in the interdependence of the variables studied.
- BMI and the perception of the importance given to sexuality in obese and overweight peoplePublication . Pereira, Ana Maria Geraldes Rodrigues; Veiga-Branco, Augusta; Pereira, Filomena; Ribeiro, Maria IsabelLiterature has been pointing towards obesity as the moderating variable of a depressive vicious cycle of self-esteem and self-image, with sócia] isolation, anxiety and depression. This in turn drives people to channel sexual pleasure into the pleasure of food, thus aggravating their condition of obesity even more and consequently causing a major negative impact on the individual's sexual life. Ojective: To assess the importance given to sexuality in obese and overweight individuals as well as assessing the existence of a correlation between these variables. Methods A quantitative exploratory study was conducted on 218 patients of both genders (68.3 % female and 31.7 % male) aged between 18 and 65. Data collection was carried out in several hospitais in the centre and north of the country. The data was collected by using the Index of Sexual Satisfaction (ISS). Results Among participants, 82.2 % were obese or overweight. Among the obese, 38.1 % registered a type l obesity; 16.4 % had type II obesity (severe); and 8.7 % had type III obesity (morbid). The obese revealed to be the ones who gave the most importance to sexuality, despite also being the ones who present the highest sexual dissatisfaction. Finally, the results show that there is a positive correlation, though weak, between sexual dissatisfaction and BMI. Conclusions Obese individuais are the ones who revealed the highest sexual dissatisfaction. Therefore, the cause of such dissatisfaction must be sought and valued as an issue related to obesity.
- Experientes In affective-sexual obesity contextsPublication . Pereira, Filomena; Pereira, Ana Maria Geraldes Rodrigues; Veiga-Branco, AugustaIntroduction: The adverse effects of obesity are well documented; however, a growing topic is that relationship with sexuality. Studies show that obesity is associated with a decrease in sexual desire and involvement, avoidance of sexual encounters difficulties in sexual performance, reduced number of sexual partners, and the females to report poor quality of sexual life. Methods: With the objective to find relationships between the level of Body Mass Index (BMI) and sexual experiences, we proceeded to a quantitative descriptive methodology through the BMI calculation to a sample of 306 users of Obesity Therapy (30.7% gender male and 69.3% female) aged 18 and 65 years. Results: The results are Grade I obesity in most (96 to 31.4%) and pre-obesity in 23.5% (72) of respondents, but obesity and pre-obesity, particularly Obesity Grade I (63- 65.6% of individuais) is more prevalent in marital status ' 'Married''. Respondents with higher BMI have lower qualifications. Regarding the number of sexual partners, it appears that the higher the BMI, the lower the number of sexual partners that the sample states: 63 of respondents Obesity Grade I self reports a sexual partner, and the normal weight respondents, this number varies between 1 and 20, while the class III obesity varies from l to 4 partners. Individuas with normal weight and pre-obesity present frequency of sexual relations / week between 2/3 times / week, while individuals with Obesity Grade II and Grade III have this frequency 1/2 times/week. BMI assumes influence of variable outlines the quality of affective and sexual experiences. It is considered urgent and relevant to invest in Sexual Education and Nutrition at the level of these populations.
- Relation between body mass index and periodic eating compulsionPublication . Pereira, Filomena; Pereira, Ana Maria Geraldes Rodrigues; Veiga-Branco, AugustaPeriodic Eating Compulsion (PEC) is most frequently associated to obese and overweight subjects. However, studies indicate that subjects with a normal weight also show PEC episodes. Methods: A quantitative exploratory study was designed with the purpose to know the ratio between Body Mass Index (BMI) and PEC, involving a sample of 306 people both genders with different BMI categories (0.3% of the sample was underweight, 21.9% had normal weight, 23.5% were pre-obese, 31.4% had Grade I obesity, 14.1% had Grade II obesity and 8.8% had Grade III obesity). Data was collected by means of the Periodic Eating Compulsion Scale (PCES) at 4 hospitais in the North and Centre regions of the country. Results: In the overall sample, 219 subjects (71. 6%) were found to have no PEC, 49 subjects (16. 0%) had moderate PEC and a further 38 subjects (12.4%) had severe PEC. In consonance with the literature in this field, the descriptive study of the study variables showed that all the BMI category groups - with the exception of a low weight patient - showed PEC behaviours. Conclusion: It was observed that the higher the BMI, the higher the number of subjects with compulsive-type PEC, a fact considered to be pertinent for new studies in this overweight population. The results show the need for nutritional education and renewed vigilance in the population with PEC.
- Importance attached to sexual intercourse, orgasm, sexual satisfaction and binge eatingPublication . Pereira, Filomena; Veiga-Branco, AugustaPrevious research suggests a relationship between Sexual Satisfaction and Binge Eating Disorders (BED): in patients with BED the act of eating replaces sexual pleasure and is used to hide sexual desires and to escape sex (Viveiros, 2012), promoti the reduction of sexual interest and lower quality of sexual life (Esposito, 2008, 2007; Adolfsson, 2004).Is there a statistically significant correlation between sexual satisfaction, BED, orgasm perception, and the importance attached to sexual intercourse? A quantitative, descriptive and correlational study, with application of the Sexual Satisfaction Index (SSI) (Pechorro et al., 2009) and the Binge Eating Scale (Freitas et al., 2001) in a sample of 218 patients (68.3% woman and 31.7% men) aged 18 to 65 years, with different categories of Body Mass Index (BMI). The data was collected in several health institutions in the center and north of Portugal.A positive and significant correlation between BED (r = 205, p < .001) and SSI was found. Sexual satisfaction establishes weak and moderate but statistically significant negative correlations with the importance attributed to sexual relations (r = -.233, p < .001) and with orgasm perception during sexual intercourse (r = -.482, p <.001). A higher level of BED corresponds to lower importance attributed to sexual relations (r = -.185, p < .001) and the lower orgasm perception during sexual relations (r = -.296, p < .001). In addition, the importance attributed to sexual relations in life and the perception of reaching orgasm showed a moderate significant correlation (r = .378, p < .001).
- Affective sexuality in people with changes of eating behavior (CEB) – contribution to a sexual educational reflectionPublication . Pereira, Filomena; Ribeiro, Maria Isabel; Veiga-Branco, AugustaThe initiation and frequency of sexual activity are indicators of the human beings development, and seem to present with some behavioral changes in people with changes of eating behavior (CEB), replacing the act of eating for sexual pleasure, hiding his sexual desires and escaping enjoy sexuality. This phenomenon should be addressed when considering youth education. Access the epidemiological perspective regarding the initiation and frequency of sexual activity in people with CEB and percive if it can must or not must be considered in youth sex education programs policies. An exploratory study of quantitative character was developed in a sample of 218 patients of both genders (68.3% female and 31.7% male) aged between 18 and 65 years. Data were collected in several hospitals in the center and north of the country. The Data Collection Tools were the Sexual Satisfaction Index (ISS), (Pechorro et al, 2009) and the Binge Eating Scale (Freitas et al, 2001). In the whole sample were found 78 respondents without CEB and 140 respondents with CEB. Of these, it was verified that both sexual initiation is earlier as more severe CEB level: in moderate CEB is registered a mean of 19 years (SD = 4,161) and severe CEB is 17,7 years (SD=2.287). As regards the frequency of sexual activity, there are differences: respondents without CEB assume a sexual frequency two to three times per week and with CEB, once or twice per week, independent of whether the CEB is moderate or severe. The phenomenon of CEB took evidence of moderating variable, regarding the initiation and frequency of sexual activity in people with and without CEB. CEB modifies life style development in general and sexual and affective life in particular, relevant fact to be included in youth sex education programs policies.
- Relações afectivas sexuais e distúrbios do comportamento alimentar em contexto de obesidade - uma revisão sistemáticaPublication . Pereira, Filomena; Veiga-Branco, AugustaA componente afectivo sexual emerge como variável importante para a intimidade emocional e física tanto de homens como mulheres (Ambler, 2012), considerada integrante das relações íntimas (Bethany, 2008), pelo seu carácter promotor de bem-estar físico e emocional (Birgitta, 2004). A obesidade assume-se como uma das pandemias com mais rápido crescimento (Bajo, 2010),e como factor de risco para muitas doenças crónicas (diabetes e doenças cardiovasculares), com evidências de que os pacientes obesos podem sofrer de depressão e vice-versa (Kadioglu, 2009; Larsen, 2007). A correlação entre estas duas variáveis, aparece em estudos que mostram que a imagem corporal e a auto percepção do corpo são uma característica essencial em experiências sexuais, especialmente em mulheres (Alba, 2013; Arcelus, 2012). Verificar a associação entre as relações afectivas sexuais e auto imagem em pessoas com os distúrbios do comportamento Foi elaborada uma RS criando uma síntese concisa da melhor evidência disponível, para conhecer o estado da arte relativamente à relação colocada entre as variáveis em estudo Foi selecionada uma amostra de 20 artigos científicos, cujos critérios de inclusão foram: publicação entre 2006 e 2014, em jornais científicos indexados como: B-On, Scielo, Pubmed, Medline e Web of Knowledge, e nestes que incluíssem as palavras-chave: eating disorders, sexuallity, body image.surge a necessidade de o compreender em todas as suas dimensões. Foca-se que os DCA apresentam estados emocionais mais negativos, todavia, estes dados são baseados na observação clínica e não em investigação científica
- Body mass index profile in adolescents and its relation with weight concernsPublication . Pereira, Ana Maria Geraldes Rodrigues; Veiga-Branco, Augusta; Pereira, FilomenaThe percentage of obese adolescents has increased during the past years, which as lead the World Health Organization to consider obesity as the main epidemic of the XXI century. However, adolescents are not immune to body image and weight concerns. This sensibility regarding weight might be an asset, allowing a healthy eating behaviour. Objectives: Analyse the adolescent's body mass index (BMI); Evaluate the relation between the BMI and the weight concerns. Methods: Restrictive, quantitative and transversal study. By gathering a simple random sample, and considering a sampling error of 3.5%, a sample of 600 adolescents (44% of the male sex and 56% of the female sex) with ages among 12-18 years old and attending the EB 2/3 Schools, High Schools and Professional Schools from Bragança, was studied. The BMI was determined through the calculation ofthe ration between the measure of the body mass in kilograms and the height in meters, squared (mass (kg)/height (m)2), and classified with the criteria established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. For the collection of data regarding weight concerns, it was used a self-administered questionnaire adapted from Luciana Apetite et al (2010). For the statistics analysis, it was used the SPSS programme version 14.0 (2005) for Windows, Microsoft. Results: 7,2% of boys and 5,7% of girls, in lhe age group 12-14 years old, and 15,9% and 10,1%, respectively, in the age group of 15-18 years old, had overweight/obesity. At a 5% significance level, it was demonstrated that the BMI was statistically dependent oft he sex (et: 5. 171; vp: 0, 160) and the age group (et: 1,900; vp: 0,593). Also, 61,2% of boys and 83,6% of girls stated that they worry about their weight. The concerns regards weight are statistically associated to the BMI observed (et:17,225; vp: 0,001). Conclusion: The results showed that 23, 1% of boys and 15,8% of girls have a BMI above the recommended amounts and, also, that it is statistically dependent of weight concerns. From this point of view, the interventions among young people must be multifaceted, never forgetting the elements that constitute the human being (psychological and biological).
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