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- Biogeografia de Portugal ContinentalPublication . Costa, José C.; Aguiar, Carlos; Capelo, Jorge; Lousã, Mário; Neto, CarlosApresentam-se alguns conceitos fundamentais usados em Biogeografia. Propõe-se uma tipologia biogeográfica para Portugal continental desenvolvida a partir dos trabalhos de S. Rivas-Martínez para a Península Ibérica, principalmente: RIVAS-MARTÍNEZ et al (1990). São enumeradas as unidades biogeográficas reconhecidas no território continental nacional e discutem-se os seus limites até ao nível de Superdistrito, bem como os critérios e fundamentos florísticos e fitossociológicos usados para a sua segregação. Apresenta-se uma primeira aproximação cartográfica à escala 1 : 2 500 000 das unidades biogeográficas reconhecidas.
- The vegetation of Madeira: II - woody caulirosetted communities of evergreen forest clearings: Euphorbion melliferae all. nova.Publication . Capelo, Jorge; Costa, José C.; Jardim, Roberto; Sequeira, Miguel; Aguiar, Carlos; Lousã, MárioThe endemic caulirosetted microphanerophytes [with a rosette of leaves on top of a long woody few-branched naked stem] – e.g. Euphorbia mellifera, Isoplexis sceptrum, Melanoselinum decipens, Musschia wollastonii and Sonchus fruticosus – are among the most striking plants of Madeira Island. They are often found in the "levadas" artificial system of channels that runs through the Ocotea foetens forest [Clethro arboreae-Ocoteetum foetentis]. These plants organize themselves in a particular phytocoenosis – Isoplexido sceptri-Euphorbietum melliferae ass. nova. – that reflects a worldwide recurrent phenomenon in forest ecosystems: the presence of plants adapted to cuts in the continuous crown layer of dense forest, such as dry ravines, forest clearings produced by tempests, landslides and other natural disturbances. "Levadas" are artificial simulations of these natural habitats.
- Daucus muricatus (L.) L. e Daucus setifolius Desf. (Apiaceae), duas novidades para o Norte de PortugalPublication . Almeida, João Domingues; Aguiar, Carlos; Capelo, JorgeO Daucus muricatus é uma planta anual, ruderal e arvense, própria de margas argilosas (Pujadas Salvà in Flora Iberica, X: 120, 2003). A descoberta de uma população desta espécie na Serra de Chavães, no contacto entre as regiões Eurosiberiana e Mediterrânica, constitui uma novidade não só para a província de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (cf. Rozeira, A Flora da província de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro in Memórias da Sociedade Broteriana, III, 1944), como também para todo o Norte e Centro de Portugal, excluído o Sector Divisório Português. Assim, em relação à distribuição indicada para o D. muricatus por Franco (Nova Flora de Portugal, I: 545, 1971): "CW. calc. e olissip., CS, SE e Península de Sagres" e por Pujadas Salvà (loc. cit.): "AAl Ag BAl BL E R", podemos concluir que a descoberta desta espécie no concelho de Tabuaço representa um alargamento muito significativo da sua área de distribuição e, certamente, o local mais elevado onde, até hoje, foi encontrada em Portugal (900 m). Este valor altitudinal é apresentado por Pujadas Salvà (loc. cit.) como o valor máximo provável para se encontrar esta espécie na Península Ibérica, claramente acima do intervalo habitual (que vai dos 30 até aos 800 m).
- Grasslands of the wooded parkland of the South of Portugal, the 'montado'Publication . Capelo, Jorge; Aguiar, Carlos; Coelho, Inocêncio SeitaA specific type of grazed wooded parkland, named ‘montado’ in Portuguese and ‘dehesa’ in Spanish, attains, in Portugal, over a million hectares according to the 2006 Portuguese Forest Inventory. These are more or less sparsely wooded lands, either of live- or cork-oak (Quercus rotundifolia and Q. suber, respectively) (Photo 20, Plate CS14) where an extensive agricultural system with fallow land was established from the Middle Ages, with the largest historical expression since the 19th century. A fairly dense mono-specific tree-layer of oaks was inherited from a former dense natural forest that was either burnt or cleared, increasing the proportion of clearings typically to more than 40% of the area, among evenspaced trees. Tree species other than live- or cork-oaks were eliminated, as well as the shrub, climber and herb-layers. Successional evolution to a meta-stable zoo-anthropic permanent grassland developing underneath the canopy was carried out with sheep grazing, fitted in a cereal-based long and low soil disturbance rotation system. Even-spaced Quercus trees produced large quantities of acorns, between 400 and 700 (1000) kg/ha-1, that were used in pig fattening. In addition, such parklands were managed to produce forest products such as cork, charcoal (from tree pruning), game and more recently, wildlife and ecosystem services associated with biodiversity, leisure and aesthetics.
- Catálogo dos sintáxones de Portugal continental, Açores e MadeiraPublication . Costa, José C.; Neto, Carlos; Aguiar, Carlos; Capelo, Jorge; Espírito Santo, Dalila; Honrado, João José; Lousã, MárioNeste trabalho apresenta-se um catálogo de todos os sintaxa, de associação até classe presentes em Portugal continental, Madeira, Açores e Selvagens. Foram reconhecidas 755 associações, 236 alianças, 51 subalianças, 114 ordens, 2 subordens, 4 subclasses e 64 classes. As ilhas Desertas, Selvagens e o Arquipélago dos Açores são os territórios nacionais com menos informação, não havendo qualquer sintáxone descrito para as Desertas. Faz-se, também, uma breve descrição dos sintaxa superiores à subaliança inclusive, e são citados os taxa características de cada um deles. Um anexo sintaxonómico com propostas de novas associações, bem como algumas correcções nomenclatura is é publicado. Por fim apresenta-se um catálogo florístico em que se refere a posição sintaxonómica de cada táxone referido no documento.
- O novo catálogo da vegetação portuguesa (Continente, Açores e Madeira): descrição e importância para a conservação da flora e dos habitatsPublication . Costa, José C.; Neto, Carlos; Aguiar, Carlos; Capelo, Jorge; Espírito Santo, Dalila; Honrado, João José; Pinto-Gomes, Carlos; Monteiro-Henriques, T.; Sequeira, Miguel; Lousã, MárioIn this work we propose a syntaxonomic scheme, according to the Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature for the vegetation of Portugal: continental and the Azores and Madeira archipelagos. The scheme encompasses 827 associations (4 communities), 245 alliances, 116 orders, and 64 vegetation classes. The 58 suballiances, 2 suborders and 4 subclasses, are also mentioned, as auxiliary ranks. For the higher syntaxa down to suballiance level, succinct ecological, physiognomic and chorological diagnosis has been made, and the characteristic species are related. New syntaxa names and corrections are described and listed in Annex I. It is also presented a floristic catalogue sheet with the syntaxonomic optimal for each taxon (Annex III). This list contains 2930 taxa.
- The vegetation of Madeira: IV - Coastal Vegetation of Porto Santo Island (Archipelag of Madeira)Publication . Capelo, Jorge; Costa, José C.; Jardim, Roberto; Sequeira, Miguel; Aguiar, Carlos; Espírito Santo, Dalila; Lousã, MárioThe littoral geomorphology of the Porto Santo Island is of paramount importance in the coastal phytocoenosis assemblage: the southern part of the island has an 8 km long sand beach with littoral sandstone platforms in its eastern extreme; sandstone or volcanic (mostly trachits) sea cliffs predominate in the rest of the island; in the northern part of the island, near the airport, there is an elevated dune (more than 150 m above sea level), related to an ancient island tilt. In the Porto Santo' s beach and cliff ecosystems, we found four new associations. All of them are finicolous associations in the context of their alliances, with low floristic diversity and presided by small area endemics.
- Vegetation of Europe: hierarchical floristic classification system of vascular plant, bryophyte, lichen, and algal communitiesPublication . Mucina, Ladislav; Bültmann, Helga; Dierßen, Klaus; Theurillat, Jean Paul; Raus, Thomas; Carni, Andraz; Šumberová, Katerina; Willner, Wolfgang; Dengler, Jürgen; García Gavilán, Rosario; Chytrý, Milan; Hájek, Michal; Di Pietro, Romeo; Iakushenko, Dmytro; Daniëls, Fred J.A.; Pallas, Jens; Bergmeier, Erwin; Santos Guerra, Arnoldo; Ermakov, Nikolai; ValachoviÄ , Milan; Schaminée, Joop H.J.; Lysenko, Tatiana; Didukh, Yakiv P.; Pignatti, Sandro; Rodwell, John S.; Capelo, Jorge; Weber, Heinrich E.; Solomeshch, Ayzik; Dimopoulos, Panayotis; Aguiar, Carlos; Hennekens, Stephan M.; Tichý, LubomírVegetation classification consistent with the Braun-Blanquet approach is widely used in Europe for applied vegetation science, conservation planning and land management. During the long history of syntaxonomy, many concepts and names of vegetation units have been proposed, but there has been no single classification system integrating these units. Here we (1) present a comprehensive, hierarchical, syntaxonomic system of alliances, orders and classes of Braun-Blanquet syntaxonomy for vascular plant, bryophyte and lichen, and algal communities of Europe; (2) briefly characterize in ecological and geographic terms accepted syntaxonomic concepts; (3) link available synonyms to these accepted concepts; and (4) provide a list of diagnostic species for all classes. Location: European mainland, Greenland, Arctic archipelagos (including Iceland, Svalbard, Novaya Zemlya), Canary Islands, Madeira, Azores, Caucasus, Cyprus. Methods: We evaluated approximately 10 000 bibliographic sources to create a comprehensive list of previously proposed syntaxonomic units. These units were evaluated by experts for their floristic and ecological distinctness, clarity of geographic distribution and compliance with the nomenclature code. Accepted units were compiled into three systems of classes, orders and alliances (EuroVegChecklist, EVC) for communities dominated by vascular plants (EVC1), bryophytes and lichens (EVC2) and algae (EVC3). Results: EVC1 includes 109 classes, 300 orders and 1108 alliances; EVC2 includes 27 classes, 53 orders and 137 alliances, and EVC3 includes 13 classes, 24 orders and 53 alliances. In total 13 448 taxa were assigned as indicator species to classes of EVC1, 2087 to classes of EVC2 and 368 to classes of EVC3. Accepted syntaxonomic concepts are summarized in a series of appendices, and detailed information on each is accessible through the software tool EuroVegBrowser. Conclusions: This paper features the first comprehensive and critical account of European syntaxa and synthesizes more than 100 yr of classification effort by European phytosociologists. It aims to document and stabilize the concepts and nomenclature of syntaxa for practical uses, such as calibration of habitat classification used by the European Union, standardization of terminology for environmental assessment, management and conservation of nature areas, landscape planning and education. The presented classification systems provide a baseline for future development and revision of European syntaxonomy.
- Ordem ecológica e desenvolvimento. O futuro do território portuguêsPublication . Lopes, Ana Müller; Saavedra, Andreia; Abreu, João Melo; Silva, João Ferreira; Barata, Leonor Themudo; Franco, Luísa; Leitão, Manuel Azevedo; Cunha, Natália; Mesquita, Sandra; Rosa, Isabel Sousa; Lopes, Joana; Gorjão, José Jorge; Aguiar, Carlos; Capelo, Jorge; Palma, Jorge; Magalhães, Manuela RaposoO estudo realizado permitiu tirar algumas conclusões relativamente à ocupação do solo, em Portugal, reportandose a 2007, data da última carta de ocupação e uso do solo (COS). Estas conclusões pressupõem a base ecológica do território, avaliada através da aptidão ecológica aos grandes grupos de actividades humanas, incluindo agricultura, silvicultura e edificação, às culturas agrícolas, às espécies arbóreas, pastagens espontâneas e aos matos. As metodologias utilizadas são descritas ao longo deste livro. Seguidamente apresentam-se as conclusões consideradas mais importantes
- A methodological approach to potential vegetation modeling using GIS techniques and phytosociological expert-knowledge: application to mainland PortugalPublication . Capelo, Jorge; Mesquita, Sandra; Costa, José C.; Ribeiro, Sílvia; Arsénio, Pedro; Neto, Carlos; Monteiro-Henriques, T.; Aguiar, Carlos; Honrado, João José; Espírito Santo, Dalila; Lousã, MárioAn attempt to obtain a consistent spatial model of natural potential vegetation (NPV) for the mainland Portuguese territory is reported. Spatial modeling procedures performed in a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment, aimed to operationalize phytosociological expert-knowledge about the putative distribution of potential zona1 forest communities dominant in the Portuguese continental territories. The paradigm for NPV assumed was that of RIVAS-MARTINEZ (1976) and RIVAS-MARTINEZ et al. (1999), which presupposes, for a given territory, a univocal correspondence between a uniform combination of bioclimatic stage and lithology given a biogeographical context, and a unique successional sequence leading to a single climax community (i. e. a vegetation series (VS)).
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