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- Morphologic and systemic alterations in obese and overweight subjects after a physical activity intervention programPublication . Magalhães, Pedro; Lopes, Vitor P.; Costa, Maria A.; Duarte, José AlbertoThere are some evidences that exercise training reduces total and abdominal fat and some systemic variables with improve health benefits. The aim of this study was to analyse the variation of some morphologic and systemic variables in 16 (age=64.5±7.2) obese and overweight (BMI=31.4±5.7) type 2 diabetic patients, of both gender, during a regular physical exercise program, which consists of 35 minutes of fast walking every days of the week, during 8 months, and no diet intervention. The change was analysed with MANOVA. In total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, TG and Insulin the changes were analysed in a 4 months period and in weight, BMI, waist and blood pressure were analysed in an 8 months period. There was significant decreases on weight [F(1, 15) = 6.688; p = 0.021], BMI [F(1, 15) = 7.396; p = 0.016], waist [F(1, 15) = 43.032; p = 0.000] and LDL [F(1, 7) = 14,264; p = 0.007]. It could be concluded that the participation in this physical activity program enables the subjects to improve their morphologic and systemic parameters without alterations in their diet.
- Effects of intervention programs on child and adolescent BMI: a meta-analysis studyPublication . Vasques, Catarina; Magalhães, Pedro; Cortinhas, António; Mota, Paula; Leitão, José C.; Lopes, Vitor P.This meta-analysis study aims to assess the efficacy of school-based and after-school intervention programs on the BMIs of child and adolescents, addressing the correlation between some moderating variables. Methods: We analyzed 52 studies (N = 28,236) published between 2000-2011. Results: The overall effect size was 0.068 (P < .001), school (r = .069) and after-school intervention (r = .065). Programs conducted with children aged between 15-19 years were the most effective (r = .133). Interventions programs with boys and girls show better effect sizes (r = .110) than programs that included just girls (r = .073). There were no significant differences between the programs implemented in school and after-school (P = .770). The effect size was higher in interventions lasting 1 year (r = .095), with physical activity and nutritional education (r = .148), and that included 3-5 sessions of physical activity per week (r = .080). The effect size also increased as the level of parental involvement increased. Conclusions: Although of low magnitude (r = .068), the intervention programs had a positive effect in prevention and decreasing obesity in children. This effect seems to be higher in older children's, involving interventions with physical activity and nutritional education combined, with parent's participation and with 1-year duration. School or after-school interventions had a similar effect.