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- Frequency of daily meals and body mass index in young angolansPublication . Freixo, Manuel João Vaz; Amaro, Idalina; Pereira, Ana Maria Geraldes Rodrigues; Salselas, Valdemar; Ferraz, António; Celestino, JoãoMalnutrition and obesity constitute a dual epidemic of Portuguese-speaking African countries in the 21st century, with implications for the health of populations. Inadequate feed presents a multifactorial etiology, where eating behaviours of young people, such as omission of meals can have consequences on their nutritional status. Objectives – Evaluate the frequency of daily meals and the Body Mass Index (BMI) of young Angolans. Methodology – A quantitative and cross-sectional study. A simple random sample of 370 young people (47,6% males and 52,4% females) aged 12-19 years who lived in the city of Viana - Luanda. The information on the frequency of daily meals was obtained by interview and the BMI was classified according to WHO criteria. For the statistical analysis of the results, the SPSS ® software version 19.0 (2010) was used for Windows of Microsoft®. Results – In the age group of 12-14 years, 20% were underweight and 11,7% overweight / obesity. 5,6% of the young people aged 15-19 were underweight and 11,2% were overweight / obese. A significance level of 5%, it was found that the BMI presented was statistically dependent on age group (p = 0,004) and gender (p = 0,005). Regarding feed behaviour, 44% said they ate breakfast daily, 8,9%, 41%, 9,7%, 42,9% and 6,5% had daily meals in the middle of the morning, lunch, snack, dinner and supper respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between age group and feed behaviour (p> 0,05), nor between BMI and the frequency of daily meals (p> 0,05). Conclusion – The results are illustrative of a sample of young Angolans characterized by the coexistence of low weight and obesity. Being healthy eating a basic requirement for human existence and therefore an inalienable condition of peoples, the establishment of strategies as a way to improve the coordination, coherence and alignment of food policies at the global level is crucial.
- BMI and the perception of the importance given to sexuality in obese and overweight peoplePublication . Pereira, Ana Maria Geraldes Rodrigues; Veiga-Branco, Augusta; Pereira, Filomena; Ribeiro, Maria IsabelLiterature has been pointing towards obesity as the moderating variable of a depressive vicious cycle of self-esteem and self-image, with sócia] isolation, anxiety and depression. This in turn drives people to channel sexual pleasure into the pleasure of food, thus aggravating their condition of obesity even more and consequently causing a major negative impact on the individual's sexual life. Ojective: To assess the importance given to sexuality in obese and overweight individuals as well as assessing the existence of a correlation between these variables. Methods A quantitative exploratory study was conducted on 218 patients of both genders (68.3 % female and 31.7 % male) aged between 18 and 65. Data collection was carried out in several hospitais in the centre and north of the country. The data was collected by using the Index of Sexual Satisfaction (ISS). Results Among participants, 82.2 % were obese or overweight. Among the obese, 38.1 % registered a type l obesity; 16.4 % had type II obesity (severe); and 8.7 % had type III obesity (morbid). The obese revealed to be the ones who gave the most importance to sexuality, despite also being the ones who present the highest sexual dissatisfaction. Finally, the results show that there is a positive correlation, though weak, between sexual dissatisfaction and BMI. Conclusions Obese individuais are the ones who revealed the highest sexual dissatisfaction. Therefore, the cause of such dissatisfaction must be sought and valued as an issue related to obesity.
- Relation between body mass index and periodic eating compulsionPublication . Pereira, Filomena; Pereira, Ana Maria Geraldes Rodrigues; Veiga-Branco, AugustaPeriodic Eating Compulsion (PEC) is most frequently associated to obese and overweight subjects. However, studies indicate that subjects with a normal weight also show PEC episodes. Methods: A quantitative exploratory study was designed with the purpose to know the ratio between Body Mass Index (BMI) and PEC, involving a sample of 306 people both genders with different BMI categories (0.3% of the sample was underweight, 21.9% had normal weight, 23.5% were pre-obese, 31.4% had Grade I obesity, 14.1% had Grade II obesity and 8.8% had Grade III obesity). Data was collected by means of the Periodic Eating Compulsion Scale (PCES) at 4 hospitais in the North and Centre regions of the country. Results: In the overall sample, 219 subjects (71. 6%) were found to have no PEC, 49 subjects (16. 0%) had moderate PEC and a further 38 subjects (12.4%) had severe PEC. In consonance with the literature in this field, the descriptive study of the study variables showed that all the BMI category groups - with the exception of a low weight patient - showed PEC behaviours. Conclusion: It was observed that the higher the BMI, the higher the number of subjects with compulsive-type PEC, a fact considered to be pertinent for new studies in this overweight population. The results show the need for nutritional education and renewed vigilance in the population with PEC.
- Body mass index profile in adolescents and its relation with weight concernsPublication . Pereira, Ana Maria Geraldes Rodrigues; Veiga-Branco, Augusta; Pereira, FilomenaThe percentage of obese adolescents has increased during the past years, which as lead the World Health Organization to consider obesity as the main epidemic of the XXI century. However, adolescents are not immune to body image and weight concerns. This sensibility regarding weight might be an asset, allowing a healthy eating behaviour. Objectives: Analyse the adolescent's body mass index (BMI); Evaluate the relation between the BMI and the weight concerns. Methods: Restrictive, quantitative and transversal study. By gathering a simple random sample, and considering a sampling error of 3.5%, a sample of 600 adolescents (44% of the male sex and 56% of the female sex) with ages among 12-18 years old and attending the EB 2/3 Schools, High Schools and Professional Schools from Bragança, was studied. The BMI was determined through the calculation ofthe ration between the measure of the body mass in kilograms and the height in meters, squared (mass (kg)/height (m)2), and classified with the criteria established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. For the collection of data regarding weight concerns, it was used a self-administered questionnaire adapted from Luciana Apetite et al (2010). For the statistics analysis, it was used the SPSS programme version 14.0 (2005) for Windows, Microsoft. Results: 7,2% of boys and 5,7% of girls, in lhe age group 12-14 years old, and 15,9% and 10,1%, respectively, in the age group of 15-18 years old, had overweight/obesity. At a 5% significance level, it was demonstrated that the BMI was statistically dependent oft he sex (et: 5. 171; vp: 0, 160) and the age group (et: 1,900; vp: 0,593). Also, 61,2% of boys and 83,6% of girls stated that they worry about their weight. The concerns regards weight are statistically associated to the BMI observed (et:17,225; vp: 0,001). Conclusion: The results showed that 23, 1% of boys and 15,8% of girls have a BMI above the recommended amounts and, also, that it is statistically dependent of weight concerns. From this point of view, the interventions among young people must be multifaceted, never forgetting the elements that constitute the human being (psychological and biological).
- Body mass index profile in adolescents and its relation with weight concernsPublication . Pereira, Filomena; Veiga-Branco, Augusta; Pereira, Ana Maria Geraldes RodriguesThe percentage of obese adolescents has increased during the past years, which as lead the World Health Organization to consider obesity as the main epidemic of the XXI century. However, adolescents are not immune to body image and weight concerns. This sensibility regarding weight might be an asset, allowing a healthy eating behaviour. Objectives: Analyse the adolescent’s body mass index (BMI); Evaluate the relation between the BMI and the weight concerns. Methods: Restrictive, quantitative and transversal study. By gathering a simple random sample, and considering a sampling error of 3.5%, a sample of 600 adolescents (44% of the male sex and 56% of the female sex) with ages among 12-18 years old and attending the EB 2/3 Schools, High Schools and Professional Schools from Bragança, was studied. The BMI was determined through the calculation of the ration between the measure of the body mass in kilograms and the height in meters, squared (mass (kg)/height (m)2), and classified with the criteria established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. For the collection of data regarding weight concerns, it was used a self-administered questionnaire adapted from Luciana Apetito et al (2010). For the statistics analysis, it was used the SPSS programme version 14.0 (2005) for Windows, Microsoft. Results: 7,2% of boys and 5,7% of girls, in the age group 12-14 years old, and 15,9% and 10,1%, respectively, in the age group of 15-18 years old, had overweight/obesity. At a 5% significance level, it was demonstrated that the BMI was statistically dependent of the sex (ET: 5.171; vp: 0,160) and the age group (ET: 1,900; vp: 0,593). Also, 61,2% of boys and 83,6% of girls stated that they worry about their weight. The concerns regards weight are statistically associated to the BMI observed (ET:17,225; vp: 0,001) Conclusion: The results showed that 23,1% of boys and 15,8% of girls have a BMI above the recommended amounts and, also, that it is statistically dependent of weight concerns. From this point of view, the interventions among young people must be multifaceted, never forgetting the elements that constitute the human being (psychological and biological).
- BMI and physical activity in diabetic adolescents followed Hospital BarcelosPublication . Neto, Maria; Cunha, Helena Filipa Carvalho; Pereira, Mariana; Pinto, Susana; Fernandes, António; Pereira, Ana Maria Geraldes RodriguesIntroduction: Physical activity is related to health and lifestyle and should be part of the daily routine of all individuals since it brings many benefits to the body. Ains: To study the adolescent population‘s body mass index (BMI). To study the relation between physical activity and gender. Materials and Methods: We performed a quantitative, observational, analytic and cross-sectional study. After the use of exclusion criteria, a sample of 36 individuals was selected from a population of diabetic adolescents. A validated questionnaire was applied to collected physical activity and personal data. SPSS 22.0 was used to treat the data. The chi-square test was applied to study the relation between the level of physical activity and gender; Fisher’s exact test was applied to study the relation between level of physical activity and BMI. Results and discussion: The chi-square test showed a significant relation between the level of physical activity and gender (p-value = 0.018) with moderate intensity (phi = .4), which corroborates other national and worldwide studies. Fisher’s exact test showed no relation between BMI and the level of physical activity (p-value=0,646). Conclusion: 86,1% of the sampled diabetic adolescents are eutrophic, and 66,7% are considered insufficient active. A significant relation was found between gender and the level of physical activity. No relation was found between BMI and level of physical activity.
- Frequency of daily meals and body mass index in young angolansPublication . Freixo, Manuel João Vaz; Amaro, Idalina; Pereira, Ana Maria Geraldes Rodrigues; Salselas, Valdemar; Ferraz, António; Celestino, JoãoMalnutrition and obesity constitute a dual epidemic of Portuguese-speaking African countries in the 21st century, with implications for the health of populations. Inadequate feed presents a multifactorial etiology, where eating behaviours of young people, such as omission of meals can have consequences on their nutritional status. Objectives – Evaluate the frequency of daily meals and the Body Mass Index (BMI) of young Angolans. Methodology – A quantitative and cross-sectional study. A simple random sample of 370 young people (47,6% males and 52,4% females) aged 12-19 years who lived in the city of Viana - Luanda. The information on the frequency of daily meals was obtained by interview and the BMI was classified according to WHO criteria. For the statistical analysis of the results, the SPSS ® software version 19.0 (2010) was used for Windows of Microsoft®. Results – In the age group of 12-14 years, 20% were underweight and 11,7% overweight / obesity. 5,6% of the young people aged 15-19 were underweight and 11,2% were overweight / obese. A significance level of 5%, it was found that the BMI presented was statistically dependent on age group (p = 0,004) and gender (p = 0,005). Regarding feed behaviour, 44% said they ate breakfast daily, 8,9%, 41%, 9,7%, 42,9% and 6,5% had daily meals in the middle of the morning, lunch, snack, dinner and supper respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between age group and feed behaviour (p> 0,05), nor between BMI and the frequency of daily meals (p> 0,05). Conclusion – The results are illustrative of a sample of young Angolans characterized by the coexistence of low weight and obesity. Being healthy eating a basic requirement for human existence and therefore an inalienable condition of peoples, the establishment of strategies as a way to improve the coordination, coherence and alignment of food policies at the global level is crucial.
- Relationship between body mass index and binge eating disordersPublication . Pereira, Filomena; Pereira, Ana Maria Geraldes Rodrigues; Ribeiro, Maria Isabel; Sampaio, Daniel; Veiga-Branco, AugustaPeriodic Eating Compulsion (PEC) is most frequently associated to obese and overweight subjects. However, studies indicate that subjects with a normal weight also show PEC episodes. Methods: A quantitative exploratory study was designed with the purpose to know the ratio between Body Mass Index (BMI) and PEC, involving a sample of 306 people of both genders with different BMI categories (0.3% of the sample was underweight, 21.9% had normal weight, 23.5% were pre-obese, 31.4% had Grade I obesity, 14.1% had Grade II obesity and 8.8% had Grade III obesity). Data was collected by means of the Periodic Eating Compulsion Scale (PCES) at 4 hospitais in the North and Centre regions of the country. Results: In the overall sample, 219 subjects (71. 6%) were found to have no PEC, 49 subjects (16. 0%) had moderate PEC and a further 38 subjects (12.4%) had severe PEC. In consonance with the literature in this field, the descriptive study of the study variables showed that all the BMI category groups - with the exception of a low weight patient - showed PEC behaviours. Conclusion: It was observed that the higher the BMI, the higher the number of subjects with compulsive-type PEC, a fact considered to be pertinent for new studies in this overweight population. The results show the need for nutritional education and renewed vigilance in the population with PEC.