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- The socioeconomic impact of a HEI for a local economyPublication . Fernandes, Joana; Cunha, Jorge; Oliveira, Pedro Nuno Ferreira Pinto deThis paper discusses the impact of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) upon the economic development of a given region. A Portuguese Higher Education Institution - the Polytechnic Institute of Bragança (in Portuguese, IPB) - was used for that purpose as a case study. The IPB is located in the region of Bragança, an isolated and deprived region in the Northeast of Portugal. Two approaches were followed: the demand-side approach (Caffrey & Isaacs, 1971) determines the economic impact arising from the expenditures of the IPB and its individuals; and the supply-side approach (Becker, 1993; Bluestone, 1993) measuring the creation of human capital and the enhancement in the quality of life of local individuals. Data collection included surveys on the faculty, staff, students and graduates of the IPB; IPB’s records, and other official sources. Following these two approaches, the IPB’s total impact upon the region was determined, reaching 55 and 61 million euros, respectively. The stakeholders related to the higher education institution were also taken into account. It was perceived that all stakeholders understood the importance of the institution to the region, and they were all engaged in helping to promote the region and the HEI’s activities.
- Measuring the economic impact of an HEI in a deprived region of PortugalPublication . Fernandes, Joana; Oliveira, Pedro Nuno Ferreira Pinto de; Cunha, JorgeThis paper describes an economic impact study conducted for a Portuguese Higher Education Institution (HEI) - the Polytechnic Institute of Bragança (IPB), located on the region of Bragança, a very isolated and deprived region of northeast Portugal. Two approaches were followed. The traditional economic approach is based on the study of Caffrey and Isaacs (1971). It would lead to determine the economic impact that arises from the expenditure of the IPB and its individuals. The skills-based approach is based on Becker (1993) and Bluestoneřs (1993) works. It intends to measure the creation of human capital and the enhancement of local individualsř life quality. To achieve these purposes it was necessary to conduct surveys among the faculty, staff, students and graduates of the IPB, as well as to collect data from IPBřs records and official sources.Following these two approaches, the total impact of the IPB in the region was determined, reaching 55 and 61 million euros, respectively.
- The education premium of the Portuguese higher education graduatePublication . Fernandes, Joana; Oliveira, Pedro Nuno Ferreira Pinto de; Cunha, JorgeThe study of Higher Education Institutions (HEI) impacts, until 1990s, only focused on the short term impacts, i.e. the economic approach. In recent years, there has been a more significant advance about the long term impacts of higher education, especially concerning the human capital. The human capital analysis, developed by Schultz (1961) and Becker (1993), estimates the increase in productivity and incomes for the individuals due to the acquired knowledge and skills for attending an HEI. Following these authors, Bluestone (1993) suggested that the creation of human capital for higher education graduates can be estimated assuming that the wage is correlated only with the number of official school years. In this paper, the human capital of the Portuguese higher education graduate is determined, considering that the education premium (the increased wage when compared with secondary education graduates) is due only to the number of years in higher education.
- An approach to the determination of the total economic impact of a HEI in a deprived region of Northern PortugalPublication . Oliveira, Pedro Nuno Ferreira Pinto de; Cunha, Jorge; Fernandes, JoanaThe purpose of the paper is to describe the study that is being conducted in the Polytechnic Institute of Bragança (IPB). The main objective of this study is to determine the total economic impact of the institution in the hosting regions. To achieve that, we used the traditional or economic-base approach and the skill-base approach. From the traditional approach, based in the Caffrey and Isaacs’s impact model, we obtained the direct economic impact of the IPB. From the skill-base approach we are currently estimating the human capital that is directly linked to the IPB. We expect to determine the total economic impact of the IPB and how a change in its local demand will affect the economy of the surrounding regions, and also what is the higher education institutions’ impact on the individuals and how it will affect their lifelong earnings.
- The higher education premium as a measure of regional developmentPublication . Fernandes, Joana; Cunha, Jorge; Oliveira, Pedro Nuno Ferreira Pinto deUntil the 1990s, studying the impacts of Higher Education Institutions (HEI) mostly focused on short-term impacts, i.e. the economic approach. In recent years, there has been a growing interest on the long-term impacts of higher education, especially concerning human capital. The human capital analysis (Schultz, 1961; Becker, 1993) estimates the increase in productivity and incomes for individuals due to the knowledge and skills they acquired from attending a HEI. Following these authors, Bluestone (1993) suggested that the creation of human capital for higher education graduates can be estimated by assuming that wages are correlated only with the number of official school years. In this paper, the human capital of a higher education graduate, in a deprived region of Northeast Portugal has been determined considering that the education premium is due solely to the number of years in higher education. It was also possible to determine that the direct stakeholders, namely the government and the students, have different values and attitudes towards the higher education premium.