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- Social and environmental impact assessment - theoretical contributionsPublication . Moutinho, Nuno; Mouta, HelenaWhen we have to make an investment decision, we have to consider social and environmental factors that can bring some doubts about the project. We analyse not only which social and environmental characteristics to assess, but also identify main risks and show how to mitigate them. In addition, we support the idea that both areas have to be analysed at the beginning of the project and that it has to be done at the time investors analyse other factors, in particular technical issues.
- The role of non-financial aspects in project appraisal –the practice of portuguese firmsPublication . Moutinho, Nuno; Lopes, M.D.S.Project appraisal has traditionally put its emphasis on the financial aspects of projects,mainly the quantitative ones, underestimating other areas of analyses where factors of a qualitative nature, intangible and subjective, may also affect the implementation and value of projects. Non financial evaluation supply information about less tangible factors and is expected to identify competitive advantages and risks that financial techniques cannot capture. In general there are few empirical studies addressing these other aspects. Most surveys are addressed to the financial techniques. With our work we aimed to identify the importance of non financial aspects at the decision making process and the evaluation of projects, in practice, in particular to investigate the practices of Portuguese companies in this field, that is: investigate to what extent are non financial aspects taken into account in investment decisions; which non financial aspects are most relevant; which procedures are adopted to minimize the non financial risks; and which evaluation methods are used to incorporate non financial elements at the decision-making process. The results of our study support the importance of incorporating non financial aspects into the appraisal of projects, and show how some of those aspects have greater relevance than that attributed to the financial elements. The study also points to the strategic and technical aspects of projects as the most relevant non financial factors considered by Portuguese firms. The financial analysis, according to the empirical data collected, comes only in third place of importance, both at the appraisal and at the decision-making stages. Commercial factors, showed similar relevance to the financial ones. This work also allows us to differentiate the importance of the different areas of analysis, and the way this analysis is done, according to the characteristics of the company and the project, the company’s administration and the project manager. In this way, we find that, type of industry, size and debt of the company, type, duration, size and risk of the project, the academic background of the chairman of the board, and of the project manager, and also the tenure of the board’s chairman, are among the factors that have the most influence in the importance attributed by firms to the different areas of project appraisal.
- The relative importance of financial and non-financial analysis in project evaluation – evidence from portuguese firmsPublication . Moutinho, Nuno; Lopes, M.D.S.Project appraisal has traditionally put its emphasis on the financial aspects of projects, mainly the quantitative ones, underestimating other areas of analyses where factors of a qualitative nature, intangible and subjective, may also affect the implementation and value of projects. Non financial evaluation supply information about less tangible factors and is expected to identify competitive advantages and risks that financial techniques cannot capture. In general there are few empirical studies addressing these other aspects. Most surveys are addressed to the financial techniques. We have done a survey, aimed at the non financial aspects of projects, which is the base of two papers. In this first paper, we aimed to identify the importance of non financial aspects at the decision making process and the evaluation of projects, and in particular to investigate the practices of Portuguese companies in this field. The results of our study support the importance of incorporating non financial aspects into the appraisal of projects, and show how some of those aspects have greater relevance than that attributed to the financial elements. The study also points to the strategic and technical aspects of projects as the most relevant non financial factors considered by Portuguese firms. The financial analysis, according to the empirical data collected, comes only in third place of importance, both at the appraisal and at the decision-making stages. Commercial factors, showed similar relevance to the financial ones.
- Social and environmental impact assessment: theoretical contributionsPublication . Moutinho, Nuno; Mouta, HelenaWhen we have to make an investment decision, we have to consider social and environmental factors that can bring some doubts about the project. We analyse not only which social and environmental characteristics to assess, but also identify main risks and show how to mitigate them. In addition, we support the idea that both areas have to be analysed at the beginning of the project and that it has to be done at the time investors analyse other factors, in particular technical issues.
- Project evaluation: main characteristicsPublication . Moutinho, Nuno— The evaluation process of real investment projects must consider not only the traditional financial approach, but also non-financial aspects. Non financial analysis can provide additional relevant information about projects. We investigate financial and non-financial areas most relevant in project appraisal. We present main critical success factors and areas of analysis that lead to the perception of project success. Finally, companies are segmented to verify its financial and non-financial practices, considering industries, type of project, size and duration of the project. The results show that there are other factors in addition to financial that affect the investment decision with great importance, specifically the strategic, technical and commercial areas. Perceived success of a project is related to the consideration of strategic, political and human resources aspects in its evaluation. There is a greater perception of success when companies attach greater importance to financial and commercial aspects in project appraisal. The existence of many financial and strategic factors is associated with a greater perceived success of the project. We found that there is a greater perception of success in companies with larger projects, when the chairman of the board has higher tenure and when the project manager has higher degree and has variable reward.
- Non-financial analysis in project appraisal – an empirical studyPublication . Moutinho, Nuno; Lopes, M.D.S.Recent literature has been emphasising the need to take both financial and nonfinancial aspects into consideration when considering capital budgeting decisions. This is to be done since the early stages of project appraisal, and not only when risks become reality. We wanted to know to what extent portuguese companies are aware of the importance of non financial aspects at their project appraisal processes, and, in their practices, what exactly they are doing and considering as more or less important. We looked at financial, strategic, technical, commercial, political, social, environmental, organizational, human resources and project manager factors, and we asked firms: What are the non financial aspects most relevant in their project’s decision?; What are the risk factors considered in each area of analysis?; What procedures they used to minimize the project’s non financial risks?. This allowed us not only to trace the anatomy of Portuguese’s project appraisal methodologies, but also to contribute, through this empirical study, to the body of knowledge in this area. This work also allowed us to differentiate the importance of the different areas of analysis, and the way the analysis is done, according to the characteristics of company and project, company’s administration and project manager.
- Project evaluation: main characteristicsPublication . Moutinho, NunoThe evaluation process of real investment projects must consider not only the traditional financial approach, but also non-financial aspects. Non financial analysis can provide additional relevant information about projects. We investigate financial and non-financial areas most relevant in project appraisal. We present main critical success factors and areas of analysis that lead to the perception of project success. Finally, companies are segmented to verify its financial and nonfinancial practices, considering industries, type of project, size and duration of the project. The results show that there are other factors in addition to financial that affect the investment decision with great importance, specifically the strategic, technical and commercial areas. Perceived success of a project is related to the consideration of strategic, political and human resources aspects in its evaluation. There is a greater perception of success when companies attach greater importance to financial and commercial aspects in project appraisal. The existence of many financial and strategic factors is associated with a greater perceived success of the project. We found that there is a greater perception of success in companies with larger projects, when the chairman of the board has higher tenure and when the project manager has higher degree and has variable reward.