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- Backpackers’ order and visit length in an urban world heritage destination: an analysis using ordered logit and linear modelsPublication . Martins, Márcio Ribeiro; Mourão, Paulo; Costa, Rui AugustoDescribed as a group of independent travelers with flexible itineraries and without substantial time constraints, backpackers constitute one of the tourist segments that has drawn the attention of many researchers around the world. However, little is known about how this segment of travelers behaves in destinations from a space-time perspective. The purpose of this study is to examine the relevance of the order and visit length on backpackers' space-time behavior in an urban world heritage destination. Using geographic information system (GIS) software, the sequence and the length of the visit were identified. To analyze the order of the places visited, we used the ordered logit method and to study the duration dimension a multivariate equation, estimated by OLS with heteroskedasticity robust errors, was selected. The results showed that no variable in particular influences the order of the places visited in any of the parishes simultaneously, reinforcing the underlying randomness in relation to the order in which destination parishes are visited. Length of stay is mostly influenced by factors related to mobility conditions as well as factors exogenous to tourists' decision-making capacity.
- Motivations and spatiotemporal behaviour in an urban destinationPublication . Martins, Márcio Ribeiro; Costa, Rui AugustoThe number of young tourists has been growing fastest worldwide, and among them backpackers are a growing segment in the tourism industry. The importance of youth tourism is a global challenge for tourism professionals and particularly to urban destinations. Understanding their spatiotemporal behavior is of utmost importance. The main objective of this chapter is to discuss the motivations and spaciotemporal behavior of generation Z and its importance for sustainability of urban destinations. Data collection was performed using a questionnaire survey and GPS tracking of movements made during a visit day. A total of 74 tourist trip itineraries (Smartphone GPS tracks) and questionnaires from Generation Z and Generation Y backpackers were collected. Both generation backpackers consume the urban destination in a very similar way. However, Generation Z and Y reveal a different pattern of temporal behavior: generation Z backpackers made short-duration visits comparing to those of Generation Y,