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- The implementation of regulations on solar collectors in buildingsPublication . Abreu, Maria Isabel; Oliveira, RuiIn the beginning of this decade, the Portuguese Program E4 – Energy Efficiency and Endogenous Energies have proposed an ambitious goal of 1 million m2 of solar collector area in Portugal until 2010. To cope with this, it was implemented in 2001 by Portuguese Government the National Program Solar Hot Water for Portugal (IP-AQSpP). The Portuguese new Thermal Regulations (RCCTE) opens to all constructions partners a new opportunity for implementing more strongly renewable energy technologies in buildings.
- Reabilitação de edifícios. Está o meio técnico preparado para o desafio?Publication . Oliveira, Rui; Sousa, Hipólito; Lopes, JorgeA reabilitação de edifícios, parece estar a tornar-se uma área estratégica de construção em Portugal, não só pela progressiva consciência da necessidade de abrandar a realização de obra nova, como também pela necessidade de privilegiar a reabilitação do parque edificado existente. A presente tendência de actuação na requalificação dos edifícios antigos demonstra que é necessário alterarmetodologias de intervenção. Para tal é necessário constribuir como medidas de carácter legislativo, com efeito dinamizador do sector.
- Análise de práticas de conservação e reabilitação de edifícios com valor patrimonialPublication . Oliveira, RuiTem-se assistido nos últimos anos a um maior interesse por parte de entidades nacionais e internacionais, no sentido de recuperar as técnicas e materiais utilizados nos edifícios antigos, bem como conhecer o âmbito da sua aplicação. Desta atitude resultou uma cada vez maior consciência da necessidade de protecção do património monumental, bem como o alargamento do mesmo conceito aos edifícios não monumentais inseridos em zonas de protecção de outros imóveis de reconhecido valor cultural e patrimonial. Neste contexto a análise das práticas de conservação e reabilitação de edifícios antigos com valor patrimonial, sobretudo no Norte de Portugal, constitui o tema desta Dissertação de Mestrado. Procedeu-se à pesquisa de diversos projectos e estudos de intervenção em edifícios com valor cultural, de pertença arquivística de Instituições Públicas que tutelam esses edifícios, nomeadamente do Instituto Português do Património Arquitectónico (IPPAR) – Direcção Regional Porto e da Direcção Geral dos Edifícios e Monumentos do Norte (DGEMN). Estas instituições de âmbito cultural, zelam pela salvaguarda, protecção e valorização do Património Arquitectónico protegido, na região Norte de Portugal. As pesquisas levadas a cabo permitiram perceber as tendências de actuação no domínio dos edifícios antigos protegidos patrimonialmente, sendo possível retirar conclusões interessantes acerca das intervenções que estão a ser realizadas actualmente. São perceptíveis deficiências na actuação nos edifícios não classificados e em alguns edifícios classificados, sobretudo quando os promotores são entidades particulares. Em geral é nas intervenções a cargo de donos de obra particulares que os processos são menos exigentes e as intervenções menos coerentes. Já quando as intervenções estão a cargo de promotores públicos, a estratégia interventiva evidencia uma actuação mais cuidada e elaborada com intuito de preservar e salvaguardar o existente para as gerações vindouras. Estas diversas formas de intervir traduzem visões e enfoques diferentes nas intervenções, que é necessário tentar respeitar, mas que urge melhorar fundamentalmente no caso das intervenções a cargo de fundos, tendo presente que essa melhoria nem sempre produzirá acréscimos decentes. A inserção de equipas multidisciplinares com formação em vários saberes a quando do início de uma intervenção, em fase de projecto, é tida em consideração sobretudo nos edifícios cujos promotores são entidades públicas. Nestes edifícios também se assiste à realização de um levantamento capaz dos materiais, componentes e técnicas utilizadas, bem como um diagnóstico com referência aos danos e patologias que o edifício apresenta e quais as suas causas principais. Este conhecimento é geralmente complementado com recurso a técnicas de diagnóstico e de monitorização “in situ”, bem como a ensaios de âmbito laboratorial e de simulação aplicáveis a este tipo de edificado. In the last few years, the national and international entities have shown a greater interest in the recovery of techniques and materials which were used on old buildings as well as atempting to understand the field of its application. Therefore a bigger awareness of the need to protect the heritage of monuments as well as the extension of this concept to non-monumental buildings inserted into protected areas of other real estates of noted cultural and historical value has become more and more visible. In this context the subject of this masters degree dissertation is the analysis of practices of conservation and renovation of old buildings with significant historical values especially in the North of Portugal. Research has been done into different projects of intervention on buildings of cultural value. These buidings belong to the following public institutions, namely Instituto Português do Património Arquitectónico (IPPAR)- Direcção Regional Porto and in Direcção Geral dos Edifícios e Monumentos do Norte (DGEMN). These cultural institutions safeguard, protect and give value to the protected architectural heritage of the North of Portugal. The research that has been conducted has allowed an understanding of the effects of acting upon historical and protected old buildings, making it possible to form interesting conclusions about the interventions, which are nowadays being carried out. Some deficiencies can be noticed on non-classified buildings and also on some classified ones, mainly in the case of particular entities and organisations. In general the less demanding processes as well as the less coherent renovations are perceptible on projects belonging to private property owners. When the renovation is being done by public organisations, the renovation strategies show a more careful and well done attitude with the aim of preserving and saving the existing buildings for the next generation. These diverse ways of renovating illustrate different points of view and different approaches to renovation, which need to be respected. It is fundamental to improve renovation projects which are in charge of budgets, taking into account that this does not always produce decent financial increases. The insertion of multidisciplinary teams with different backgrounds is considered especially on projects, whose promoters are public entities. These decisions are taken at the beginning of a restoration during the planning stages. In these buildings an accurate investigation of the materials as well as the components and techniques originally used is carried out. A diagnostic refering to the aging and the damage that the building shows, and the reasons for this damage, is conducted. This research is generally done using diagnostic techniques and monitoring "in situ", as well as laboratory testing and simulations applicable to this kind of building.
- Characterisation of the portuguese R&M construction market: a special focus on heritage buildingsPublication . Oliveira, Rui; Sousa, Hipólito; Lopes, JorgeThe rehabilitation of heritage buildings is an important aspect in the safeguard and upgrading of the local environment, and contributes to the diversification of suppy in the property market. However, the contribution of the R&M segment to the total construction markek in Portugal is almost insignificant when compared to the other countries of the European Union. This study is part of a wider research project that investigates the different technological aspects of intervention in heritage buildings and their contribution to the development of the local property market. The data and information used in this study stem from Euroconstruct Report, and from a case study consisting of 57 heritage projects submitted to the government department responsible for the approval and listing of these buildings. Preliminary result show that the technology used in heritage buildings is similar to that adopted in new buildings, which seems to be incosistent with a conservation technique that safeguard the built heritage. This study also shows that policy measures to enhance the R&M market have been recently implemented. However, other initiatives are needed, including a clarification of the role of different actors, in order to tackle the constarints and specifics of the R&M market.
- The implementation of the regulations on solar collectors in buildingsPublication . Abreu, Maria Isabel; Oliveira, RuiThe use of solar energy constitutes a great concern of national and international bodies, as a result of a strategic policy towards green energy consumption. The Portuguese regulations on building thermal behaviour and energy efficiency, recently enacted by the Portuguese Government, in line with the European Union Directive 2002/91/CE, have introduced the obligatory use of solar collector technology for hot water production applied to new building projects and to some important retrofit works. To cope with the prescriptions of these regulations, the solar technology market is been growing and the Portuguese project designers and construction professionals are founding new challenges. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyse the major problems and initial impacts of the obligatory implementation of solar collector technology in buildings and provide contributions to improve solar energy use in the future. The results show that, as almost all new technology implementation, some obstacles have always to be faced initially.
- Análise de intervenções em edifícios de valor patrimonial da Região NortePublication . Oliveira, Rui; Sousa, HipólitoA preservação e reabilitação de edifícios de valor patrimonial vai crescer em Portugal, sendo necessário conhecer as práticas nesta área. O estudo de cerca de 57 projectos recentes deste tipo de obra envidencia que é necessário desenvolver competências específicas e uma cultura de maior rigor ao nível do levantamento/diagnóstico, tipo de projecto e tecnologias adoptadas nestas intervenções conforme se evidencia nesta comunicação.
- Technological aspects of portuguese masonry rehabilitation on heritage buildingsPublication . Sousa, Hipólito; Oliveira, RuiThe rehabilitation of building, specially heritage buildings, is an important aspect in the safeguard and upgrading of local environment. However, the contribution of this segment to the local construction market in Portugalis not significant when compared to the other countries of the European Union. A casestudy consisting of 57 heritage projects submitted to a government department responsible for the approval and listing of these buildings allows to identify the different technological aspects of intervention in heritage buildings, namely on masonry walls. The results presented in this papel shows taht the tecnologies used in heritage buildings are frequently similar to those adopted in new buildings, which seems to be inconsistent with conservation technique that safeguards the built heritage.
- The implementation of the regulations on solar collectors in buildingsPublication . Abreu, Maria Isabel; Oliveira, RuiThe use of solar energy constitutes a great concern of national and international bodies, as a result of a strategic policy towards green energy consumption. The Portuguese regulations on building thermal behaviour and energy efficiency, recently enacted by the Portuguese Government, in line with the European Union Directive 2002/91/CE, have introduced the obligatory use of solar collector technology for hot water production applied to new building projects and to some important retrofit works. To cope with the prescriptions of these regulations, the solar technology market is been growing and the Portuguese project designers and construction professionals are founding new challenges. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyse the major problems and initial impacts of the obligatory implementation of solar collector technology in buildings and provide contributions to improve solar energy use in the future. The results show that, as almost all new technology implementation, some obstacles have always to be faced initially.
- Qualifications and professional competencies of the construction manager in Portugal: the impact of the Bologna processPublication . Abreu, Maria Isabel; Oliveira, RuiThe legal framework concerning the construction industry is closely related with the industry’s specificities in each country. With the increasing globalisation of the economy, particularly in the European Union, there is a trend for a normalisation of the legal framework related to construction practices. In terms of professional practice in construction in Portugal, the graduate professionals are architects, civil engineers and technical civil engineers. In order to legally practise in the field, architects must be registered in the Order of Architects, civil engineers with the Order of Engineers and technical civil engineers with the Professional Association of Technical Engineers. The legal framework for the activity of these different professions has long been established by the Decree Law 73/1973. As regards the construction management profession, these professionals are not obliged by law to fulfil any specific educational requirements nor are they subject to any legal regime regulating their activities. However, it is generally recognised that the Institutions of Higher Education in Portugal do not provide the competencies required for an efficient practice in the area of construction management. The Bologna Model establishes that the definition of the objectives of the course subjects be centred in terms of the learning outcomes. It appears that with the new curricula structure, which emphasises competencies to be acquired, the institutions of higher education are better prepared to mach their educational activities with the needs of business community.