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Percorrer CIMO por Domínios Científicos e Tecnológicos (FOS) "Ciências Agrárias::Ciência Animal e dos Laticínios"
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- Comportamento sexual nas avesPublication . Afonso, Paulo; Quintas, Helder; Valentim, Ramiro;O objectivo final do comportamento sexual é a reprodução. Contudo, a fertilização dos ovos é o resultado final de uma intricada e longa sequência de comportamentos que começa com a procura de um potencial parceiro sexual, aproximação ao mesmo e seu cortejamento. Se o cortejamento for bem-sucedido, a parelha pode envolver-se na cópula, de que resultará o nascimento de um novo ser.
- Controlling Listeria monocytogenes contamination in fresh goat milk cheeses: Dynamic modelling during storagePublication . Bonilla-Luque, Olga María; Possas, Arícia; Gonzales-Barron, Ursula; Cadavez, Vasco; Ezzaky, Youssef; Hussein, Abdelraheem; Valero, AntonioPredictive models applied for artisanal fresh goat cheeses are invaluable tools for rapid decision-making in quality and safety management. Listeria monocytogenes is a common foodborne pathogen associated with recent safety alerts in ready-to-eat (RTE) products in Andalucia. Managing artisanal production variables, such as storage conditions and final product features (pH or water activity [aw]) might be crucial for controlling L. monocytogenes in these traditional products. This study evaluated the time-temperature dependence of L. monocytogenes during shelf-life of fresh goat milk cheese artisanally produced in Andalucía. The effect of storage temperature (4–25 ◦C) over 5–20 days was tested in lab-scale fresh goat milk cheeses initially inoculated with a three-strain cocktail of the pathogen (ca. 2–3 log cfu/g). The Huang (model A) and Baranyi (model B) models coupled with Ratkowsky were fitted to the collected growth data to describe the relationship between L. monocytogenes concentration, growth rate (μmax, log cfu/d), storage temperature, and time. The results highlighted the higher variability of growth data at 4 ◦C, the linear relationship between μmax and temperature, the inverse correlation between ymax (exceeding 5 log cfu/g at all the temperatures) and ΔY (with a maximum of 4.386 and minimum of 2.461, at 4 and 25 ◦C, respectively) and a faster decrease of pH at higher temperatures. Model validity, assessed through goodness-of-fit and both internal and external validations (under both isothermal temperatures and a dynamic temperature workflow simulating real production scenario), revealed good model adjustment to L. monocytogenes growth in artisanal commercial cheeses, after determining a correction factor of 1.806 and 1.856, for models A and B, respectively. Predictions indicated that an initially contaminated artisanal fresh goat milk cheese would not meet regulatory limits after 4 days under refrigeration conditions (4 ◦C), aerobic conditions, or opened packaging. These results highlight the potential public health risk of artisanal fresh goat milk cheeses related to L. monocytogenes transmission if manufacturing and storage conditions are not well controlled, emphasizing the need for stringent microbial control efforts and mitigation measures.
- Editorial: Microbial safety of animal-based food productsPublication . Andrade, María J.; Álvarez, Micaela; Rodrigues, PaulaThe studies gathered in this Research Topic focus on several key areas to ensure the safety of animal food products. Firstly, rapid pathogen detection is being improved through technologies like SWIR-HSI combined with advanced machine-learning techniques. Secondly, the use of natural antimicrobials, such as essential oils delivered via liposomes, is being explored to combat microbial development while minimizing negative impacts on food quality. Thirdly, investigations have revealed a link between high crayfish consumption and rhabdomyolysis, emphasizing the need to control the toxins in the food chain. Finally, studies on the relationship between diet and colorectal cancer have suggested a potential inverse association between high fish intake and risk of developing colorectal adenoma, suggesting a possible preventative role for fish consumption. These combined efforts aim to enhance the safety and quality of animal-derived foods through advanced detection methods, natural preservation strategies, and a broader understanding of foodborne threats.
- Effect of melatonin implants on carcass characteristics and meat quality of slow-growing chickensPublication . Nieto, Jaime; Leite, Ana; Vasconcelos, Lia; Plaza, Javier; Abecia, José-Alfonso; Revilla, Isabel; Palacios, Carlos; Teixeira, AlfredoThis study evaluated the effect of melatonin implants on carcass characteristics and meat quality of slow-growing broilers slaughtered at 43 and 97 days (d) of age. A total of 128 one day-old male broilers (Coloryeld) were randomly divided into two groups, which in turn were divided into 8 groups (replicates) of 8 broilers each one. One group (64 animals) was the control group (C) and the other received a melatonin implant (18 mg melatonin per animal) at 8 d of age (M). The animals were reared for 97 d. For the first 42 d they were kept in an enclosed facility and then allowed access to the outside. Two culls were performed: one at 43 d and one at 97 d, randomly selecting 8 chicks from each group at each time (N = 8 × 2 × 2= 32). Carcass traits and meat quality were evaluated on these samples. Chickens slaughtered at older ages had higher dead-plucked, leg and carcass weights (P < 0.05). In terms of meat quality, chickens slaughtered at 97 days had higher L* (P < 0.001), lower a*, b* and chroma values (P < 0.01), as well as lower pH (P = 0.006), higher shear strength (P < 0.001), water holding capacity (P < 0.001) and water activity (P = 0.036). The melatonin implants did not influence carcass characteristics (P>0.05). Luminosity, tone and water activity decreased with melatonin implants at 43 d of age (P <0.001), whereas pH increased (P = 0.004). At 97 d after slaughter, meat yellowness was lower (P = 0.028) and firmness increased (P = 0.029). At both time points, melatonin caused reddening of the meat (P < 0.001). Lipid oxidisability tended to be reduced, extending the shelf life of the meat (P = 0.068). The fatty acid profile was little affected by the placement of the implants. Age and melatonin have different effects on the meat quality of slow-growing chickens. While age affects several factors such as texture and fatty acid profile, melatonin improves colour, water activity and lipid oxidation. Its use could improve preservation and extend the shelf life of meat
- Effects of Olive Cake on the Performance, Digestibility, Blood Parameters, and Intestinal Villi of Bísaro PigsPublication . Paié-Ribeiro, Jessica; Outor-Monteiro, Divanildo; Guedes, Cristina; Gomes, Maria; Teixeira, José; Teixeira, Alfredo; Pinheiro, VictorOlive oil production generates by-products, such as olive cake (OC), which can be used in animal feed, reducing the environmental impact. This study assessed the effects of OC in pig diets on intestinal morphometry and blood parameters. Twenty-four Bísaro pigs were randomly assigned to three treatments: OC0 (control), OC15 (15% dehydrated OC), and OC25 (25% dehydrated OC) for 93 days. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), crude fat (CF), and fiber (NDF) was evaluated through total feces collection. No significant differences in average daily gain (ADG) or feed conversion ratio (FCR) were found (p > 0.05). However, average daily feed intake (ADFI) increased from 2.84 kg (control) to 3.46 kg (OC15) and 3.64 kg (OC25). OC inclusion increased the ADFI of CF (90.8 g to 171.5 g and 169.2 g) and NDF (586.8 g to 896.6 g and 1115.4 g). The ATTD of all parameters decreased with 25% OC. The digestible intake of DM, OM, and CP was unaffected, but CF intake was higher in OC-fed groups (p = 0.005). Histomorphometric analysis revealed no significant differences in villi size. Lymphocyte counts were higher in OC25 (p < 0.05). This study suggests that up to 15% OC inclusion is feasible without compromising the pigs’ performance.
- Global-scale compilation of freshwater zooplankton: tiny sentinels of environmental changesPublication . Figary, Stephanie; Meyer, Michael; Pilla, Rachel; Warren Currie; Aborigho, Adebukola Abiodun; Alcocer, Javier; Alfonso, María B.; Anneville, Orlane; Geraldes, Ana Maria; Balkić, Anita Galir; Ban, Syuhei; Banerjee, Arnab; Berger, Stella; Bernát, Gábor; Beyer, Jessica; Bhattacharya, Ruchi; Blank, Kätlin; Bruel, Rosalie; Burnet, Sarah; Butts, Tyler; Carey, Cayelan C.; Caroni, Rossana; Chakrabarty, Moitreyee; Chen, Huihuang; Christoffersen, Kirsten Seestern; Cortés, Alicia; Crispim, Maria Cristina; Eyto, Elvira de; Cardoso, L.; Deemer, Bridget; DeGasperi, Curtis; DeMattei, Braden; Descy, Jean-Pierre; Dimante-Deimantovica, Inta; Diovisalvi, Nadia; Dondajewska-Pielka, Renata; Doubek, Jonathan; Dražina, Tvrtko; Dulic, Zorka; Dur, Gaël; Edwards, Christine; Ejsmont-Karabin, Jolanta; Ersoy, Zeynep; Fernández, Rocío; Feuchtmayr, Heidrun; Fontanarrosa, María Soledad; Tóth, László G; Gaiser, Evelyn; Gideon, Gal; Garcia de Souza, Javier R.; Ger, Kemal Ali; Scott, Girdner; Gołdyn, Ryszard; Grossart, Hans-Peter; Hambright, K. David; Hansson, Lars-Anders; Hendricks, Susan; Jacquet, Stéphan; Kainz, Martin; Karpowicz, Maciej; Khan, Sami; Kowalczewska-Madura, Katarzyna; Kuczyńska-Kippen, Natalia; Lepori, Fabio; Lin, Shuqi; Manca, Marina; Matsuzaki, Shin-Ichiro; McElarney, Yvonne; Menezes, Rosemberg; Michaloudi, Evangelia; Moe, Jannicke; Molina, Florencia Rojas; Mueller-Navarra, Doerthe; Muñoz-Colmenares, Manuel; Nejstgaard, Jens; Obertegger, Ulrike; Ortiz, David; Oseguera, Luis A.; Paterson, Michael; Piccolo, María Cintia; Pinheiro-Silva, Lorena; Piscia, Roberta; Pomati, Francesco;; Reid, Brian; Rose, Kevin; Rosińska, Joanna; Rudstam, Lars; Rusak, James A.; Rusanovskaya, Olga O.; Salmaso, Nico; Sarvala, Jouko; Schladow, S. Geoffrey; Schmidt, Anna; Scofield, Anne; Scordo, Facundo; Seda, Jaromír; Senft, Katie; Shimaraeva, S.V; Silow, Eugene; Špoljar, Maria; Straile, Dietmar; Stockwel, Jason; Swain, Hilary; Symons, Celia C.; Tanentzap, Andrew; Tartarotti, Barbara; Thackeray, Stephen; Timofeyev, Maxim; Verburg, Piet; Wade, John; Wander , Heather L; Watkins, James; White, David; Wollrab, Sabine; Yang, Jing; Zagarese, Horacio; Zagars, Matiss; Znachor, PetrZooplankton communities are the primary conduit of energy from phytoplankton to planktivorous fish in freshwater ecosystems and play key roles in the functioning of these systems. Therefore, they are often proposed as ecological indicators. However, most zooplankton research focuses on a single waterbody or region, and insights from such studies may not be transferable to other waterbodies. To address this knowledge gap, the Zooplankton as Indicators Group (ZIG) of the Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network (GLEON) assembled a zooplankton dataset that also includes physical and chemical lake characteristics. The dataset has a broad spatial and temporal coverage with data from over 290 waterbodies. Each waterbody includes 1 to 60 years of data, with >70% sampled at least monthly during the growing season (>31,000 sampling events represented). We are exploring the environmental drivers of zooplankton community composition and assessing zooplankton as ecological indicators using this new dataset. Further, we are investigating whether relationships between zooplankton metrics and environmental drivers differ among lake characteristics (e.g., deep vs shallow) or regions, including systems such as the Laurentian Great Lakes, mountain lakes, and tropical lakes. Understanding the linkages between zooplankton communities and environmental drivers is essential to forecasting the future state of freshwaters in a changing world and we expect the dataset to have extensive and versatile applications in examining zooplankton dynamics and ecosystem responses to environmental shifts.
- Inseminação ArtificialPublication . Álvaro, Armindo; Quintas, Helder; Valentim, Ramiro;A inseminação artificial (IA) foi realizada com sucesso pela primeira vez nas aves há aproximadamente 100 anos por Ivanov. Nos galos, a recolha de sémen tornou-se mais fácil com a utilização de dispositivos desenvolvidos por Ishikawa (1930). Em 1935, Burrows e Quinn descrevem uma técnica de massagem abdominal que permitia “ordenhar” os galos. A técnica de recolha de sémen, seguida de IA, foi desenvolvida por Burrows e Quinn (1936). Todos estes investigadores são considerados os pais da IA avícola. A IA é um processo através do qual o sémen de um galo é recolhido e depois é colocado artificialmente no tracto genital de várias galinhas, com o objectivo de fecundar os oócitos II. Ela implica a recolha, avaliação, armazenamento, manuseamento e deposição dos espermatozóides (SPZ) no tracto genital da fêmea.
- Instalações e EquipamentosPublication . Quintas, Helder; Geraldo, Adriano; Valentim, Ramiro;As instalações são um elemento essencial em qualquer sistema de Avicultura. Elas devem proteger as aves das condições ambientais (sol, chuva, ventos, temperatura e humidade relativa do ar, alterações da composição do ar), dos predadores e de serem roubadas. Elas possibilitam ainda a aplicação das melhores técnicas de maneio alimentar, sanitário (vacinações, desparasitações, controlo de pragas) e reprodutivo (montas dirigidas, local seguro de postura). Por outro lado, as instalações devem constituir uma garantia de bem-estar para as aves, permitindo-lhes manifestar, o mais extensamente possível, os seus comportamentos naturais e, consequentemente, favorecer a expressão do seu potencial produtivo e aumentar a rentabilidade da exploração. A construção das instalações deve implicar a avaliação de vários factores como: localização e o seu impacto sobre o meio envolvente, materiais disponíveis, condições ambientais, condições de segurança, tipo de produção, raça, estirpe ou linha incluindo a sua susceptibilidade face ao stress térmico, custos, produtividade, rentabilidade e disponibilidades financeiras. Na maioria dos casos, as limitações económicas são o principal factor de decisão. As instalações devem propiciar uma boa relação custo-benefício, uma elevada durabilidade e a aplicação das melhores técnicas de maneio. Há que avaliar sempre cuidadosamente os prós e os contras das várias alternativas existentes.
- Intensification of a mixed organic farming system in the Northeast of Portugal with grazing of Churra Galega Bragançana sheepPublication . Fernandes, Marco; Aguiar, Carlos;Efficient management of nutrient cycling is key to ecologically intensifying, reducing environmental impacts and optimizing the economic performance of agricultural holdings. Traditional practices such as crop diversification, rotations, grazing and the use of organic sources of nutrients (organic amendments) are the starting point for designing efficient nutrient management systems.
- Maneio das AvesPublication . Ferreira, João; Valentim, Ramiro; Quintas, Helder;A avicultura é uma actividade que consiste na criação de galinhas, de perus, de patos e de gansos. O maneio aplicado às aves depende, entre outros factores, da espécie, da aptidão – carne, ovos reprodutores – e do produto final pretendido. Na natureza, as galinhas têm uma longevidade média superior a 6 anos. No primeiro ano de vida, elas conseguem pôr 300 ovos por ano. Todavia, a partir desta idade, a sua produtividade começa a diminuir. Nos sistemas de produção intensiva, as galinhas com cerca de um ano de idade são refugadas. Nos sistemas de produção divagante (free-range), as galinhas podem ser induzidas a entrar num segundo ciclo de postura. Estes dois sistemas de produção competem pela preferência dos consumidores com preocupações ecológicas. Os apologistas dos primeiros defendem que os sistemas de produção intensiva são particularmente produtivos, poupando nos recursos alimentares e na ocupação do território. Por outro lado, eles afirmam que os elevados níveis de controlo ambiental das instalações garantem às aves as melhores condições de conforto. Os segundos advogam que os sistemas de produção intensivo têm um grande impacto ambiental, que podem estar na génese de diversos riscos de saúde e que não respeitam o bem-estar animal. A produção de aves pode ser dividida em vários períodos: incubação, pós-eclosão, criação, recria, postura e, eventualmente, segundo ciclo de postura.