ESTiG - Artigos em Revistas Indexados à WoS/Scopus
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- Digital transformation and the new combinations in tourism: a systematic literature reviewPublication . Gutierriz, Ives; Ferreira, João J.; Fernandes, Paula OdeteThis study aims to analyse the research involving the evolution and development of digital transformation and the new combinations in tourism development. To this end, a systematic literature review was conducted in the Scopus and Web of Science databases, which gathered 167 studies published between 1997 and 2023, representing the final sample analysed in this review. The results allow the identification of three main findings: i) there are four thematic groups - Digital Marketing, Digital Economy, Education and Hospitality and Free Digital; ii) there is a growing interest in the research of this topic and the use of available technologies for the development of tourism companies and their businesses and the respective wider economy; and, iii) digital transformation tends to be a positive factor when applied to the tourism sector. This research further proposes a framework that provides a detailed description of these studies with key issues and contributions from the available literature.
- Goliath and the cognitive load theoryPublication . Freitas, Tiago Carvalho; Costa Neto, Alvaro; Pereira, Maria João; Henriques, Pedro RangelA successful teaching effort is usually dependant on several factors. From the right environment, to a precisely worded exercise statement, it rests on the teacher's shoulders the concoction of the most effective learning assets to their students. A significant part of this process lies on practise: students commonly solidify their knowledge by solving exercises. Creating new programming exercises, specially in high-demand environments such as large classrooms, is a repetitive and error-prone process, specially when stacked with other typical affairs that educators are required to attend to. Goliath, one of the two main contributions of this article, is a template-based, Artificial Intelligence (AI) supported exercise generator, that aims to facilitate the creation of exercise repositories. By using a Domain-Specific Language (DSL) to define exercise templates, combined with the automatic generation of different exercise types, educators can use Goliath's features to improve their exercise repositories, both in size and variety. This systematic approach allows for greater control and automatisation than using a Large Language Model (LLM) directly, as the exercises’ main components can be pre-defined and pre-configured via their templates. Goliath, which is available online for free access, has been tested and its usability assessed. Combined with these functionalities, the content of the exercises themselves, the manner in which they are presented, and how they are rated for difficulty should also be considered in high regard when designing programming exercises. The Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) provides a conceptual foundation to understand problem-solving mechanisms that are commonly found in several aspects and situations of daily life, such as solving programming exercises. This foundation has been explored and systematically structured to construct the second main contribution of this article: guides to create exercise templates in Goliath founded on the Cognitive Load Theory, aiming to improve both teaching and learning computer programming.
- The quality of the physical environment of early childhood care and education centers in the Northeast region of Portugal: a comparison between researchers’ and educators’ assessmentsPublication . Moreira, Mariana; Magalhães, Pedro; Lopes, Frederico; Vasques, CatarinaThe Early Childhood Care and Education Center (ECEC) physical environment plays a significant role in shaping children’s behavior and learning outcomes and influencing educators’ management of children’s exploration and action, which is pivotal for their overall development and well-being. This study compared the researchers’ and educators’ physical environment quantitative assessments of 12 Portuguese ECECs. Wilcoxon tests were used to investigate possible differences between the researchers’ and educators’ assessments. The ratings differ significantly regarding the institution’s image and scale, safety, indoor organization, building location, and site characteristics, with educators reporting consistently higher levels of quality than the researchers. This study’s outcomes highlight the importance of adopting an interdependent perspective between the researchers’ and the educators’ assessments regarding the ECEC physical environment quality. Such complementarity facilitates the accurate identification of key physical features of ECEC that need to be readdressed to promote children’s high-quality education and positive development, learning, and overall well-being.
- The role of sleep on physical and cognitive performance of ultra-endurance athletes: a systematic reviewPublication . Guilherme, Larissa Quintão; Rodrigues, Bruno; Rosa, Carla; Leite, Luciano Bernardes; Scheer, Volker; Forte, Pedro; Hermsdorff, Helen; Kravchychyn, Ana Claudia Pelissari; Souza, Helton de SáSleep is an important factor for recovery and performance in endurance sports, yet its role in ultra-endurance events remains unclear due to extreme physical and cognitive demands and disrupted sleep patterns. This systematic review aimed to analyze the role of sleep in physical and cognitive performance in ultra-endurance athletes. This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive search was conducted in May 2025 across PubMed/Medline, Embase, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science. Two researchers independently screened, selected, extracted, and assessed data quality using the JBI tools (PROSPERO ID: CRD420251042220). Of 424 articles, 16 met inclusion criteria, totaling data from 1389 athletes. Regarding physical performance, better outcomes were associated with no or less sleep during competition (TST), extended sleep the night before, and increased time in light sleep. In contrast, longer wake time, lower sleep quality, greater sleepiness during competition, and higher sleep efficiency were linked to poorer performance. Cognitive performance was positively associated with pre-race sleep quality and mid-race naps. Conversely, greater accumulated sleep before testing was linked to worse cognitive outcomes. Sleep, particularly total sleep time (TST), plays an important role in ultra-endurance performance, although this relationship may be non-linear and influenced by race context and individual strategies. Pre-race and intra-race sleep strategies such as napping and extended sleep may benefit performance. Further rigorous and longitudinal studies are needed to clarify sleep’s impact on performance and recovery in ultra-endurance contexts.
- The Sustainability Consciousness Questionnaire: Validation Among Portuguese PopulationPublication . Arantes, Luzia; Sousa, BrunoThe primary objective of this study is to validate the Sustainability Consciousness Questionnaire (SCQ) for the Portuguese population, ensuring its reliability and applicability across the dimensions of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours related to sustainability. This validation is crucial for ensuring the SCQ captures local cultural nuances and provides reliable data to inform educational and policy strategies for promoting sustainability. To achieve this goal, a quantitative methodology was adopted, involving the translation and cultural adaptation of the SCQ into Portuguese. Data were collected from a convenience sample of 630 participants, aged 17 to 83, using an online platform. Ethical procedures were rigorously followed, including obtaining informed consent from all participants and ensuring data confidentiality. The factor structure of the SCQ was analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM). The analysis confirmed a three-dimensional factor structure aligned with the environmental, social, and economic pillars of sustainability, as well as significant correlations between these dimensions and real-world sustainable practices such as recycling and energy conservation. The results confirmed the construct validity of the SCQ, demonstrating robust reliability indicators across its scales and acceptable model fit indices (CFI = 0.860; TLI = 0.851; RMSEA = 0.045). These findings highlight the questionnaire’s utility as a measurement tool for sustainable consciousness in the Portuguese context. The SCQ provides a valuable resource for educators, policymakers, and researchers. For instance, educators can use the SCQ to identify gaps in students’ sustainability knowledge, policymakers can prioritise areas for intervention based on public attitudes, and researchers can explore relationships between awareness and sustainable behaviours to design effective programs. Furthermore, this study contributes to Sustainable Development Goal 4 (Quality Education) by enabling data-driven strategies to integrate sustainability education into curricula, fostering a deeper understanding of sustainable practices and behaviours essential for achieving global education goals.