Browsing by Author "Zied, Diego Cunha"
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- Antioxidant and antimicrobial influence on oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) from substrate supplementation of calcium silicatePublication . Cardoso, Rossana V.C.; Carocho, Márcio; Fernandes, Ângela; Pinela, José; Stojković, Dejan; Soković, Marina; Zied, Diego Cunha; Cobos, Juan Diego Valenzuela; González-Paramás, Ana María; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R.; Barros, LillianSupplementation of the substrate of mushrooms with calcium silicate and other minerals is usually used as a preventive measure against pests and other contaminants during the production of oyster mushrooms. Little is known of the effects of this supplementation on the quality of the mushrooms produced. In the work described herein, the supplementation of oyster mushrooms was performed with 5 supplementation levels (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2% and 4%) on mushrooms from two different locations in Brazil, the two flushes of mushrooms produced were analysed in terms of phenolic compounds, organic acids, and the antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal activities, and finally the data was subjected to a linear discriminant analysis to understand the discrimination of the supplementation percentages. Overall, intermediate supplementation until 1% seemed to have a positive effect on the mushrooms from Mogi-das-Cruzes region, while high supplementation favoured the mushrooms from the region of Presidente Prudente. Supplementation showed positive effects on the mushrooms by increasing the production of some secondary metabolites while not showing any negative cytotoxic effects.
- Biochemical approaches on commercial strains of Agaricus subrufescens growing under two environmental cultivation conditionsPublication . Almeida, Daiana; Cardoso, Rossana V.C.; Pereira, Carla; Alves, Maria José; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R.; Zied, Diego Cunha; Vieira Junior, Wagner Gonçalves; Caitano, Cinthia E.C.; Fernandes, Ângela; Barros, LillianIn the present work, the effect of the cultivation process, in the field and under a con- trolled environment, on biochemical parameters by using commercial strains of A. subrufescens were evaluated. The results obtained revealed that the strains cultivated in the field presented higher levels for most of the parameters evaluated (organic acids (20.5–48.0 g/100 g dw), tocopherols (107.0–198.6 μg/100 g dw), and phenolic acids and related compounds (245.2–359.0 μg/100 g dw and 10.6–23.7 μg/100 g dw, respectively)), except for the carbohydrates (53.4–72.6 g/100 g dw), energetic value (373–380 Kcal/100 g dw), and total free sugars (28.8–43.1 g/100 g dw), parameters in which the strains grown in a controlled environment present better results. For both cultivation systems, similar results were obtained regarding saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, as well as antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. These data contribute to the knowledge and highlight the characterized strains and the cultivation process, which can be used to obtain ingredients with potential applicability as a source of functional compounds.
- Efeito do silicato de cálcio na composição química de Pleurotus ostreatus var. FloridaPublication . Cardoso, Rossana V.C.; Fernandes, Ângela; Carocho, Márcio; Zied, Diego Cunha; Barreira, João C.M.; González-Paramás, Ana María; Barros, Lillian; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R.Os cogumelos são um alimento muito apreciado desde tempos imemoriais pelo seu sabor e elevado valor nutritivo. Uma das espécies que tem suscitado maior interesse nos últimos anos é Pleurotus ostreatus, devido à sua facilidade de cultivo, potencial económico e qualidade nutricional, bem como pelas suas propriedades terapêuticas e biológicas [1]. O silício (Si) desempenha um papel importante na nutrição mineral dos cogumelos e plantas; é utilizado com o intuito de aumentar a produtividade uma vez que aumenta a disponibilidade de nutrientes, favorece o crescimento da biomassa, e confere resistência ao stresse biótico e abiótico [2]. São vários os estudos que descrevem a influência da suplementação de cálcio e silício na qualidade do substrato para o cultivo do P. ostreatus [3]. Neste estudo, amostras de Pleurotus ostreatus var. Florida foram suplementadas com silicato de cálcio (0.5, 1, 2 e 4%) com o intuito de verificar o efeito na composição química e nutricional. Os açúcares livres e tocoferóis foram analisados por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência acoplada a um detetor de índice de refração e fluorescência, respetivamente; e os ácidos gordos foram determinados por cromatografia gasosa acoplada a um detetor de ionização em chama [4]. Foram identificados três açúcares livres, sendo o manitol o maioritário. Verificou-se um aumento nos teores de açúcares totais com a suplementação de 2% de silicato de cálcio. Nos tocoferóis foram identificadas 3 isoformas (α, β e γ-tocoferol), e verificou-se um aumento de quase 30x do teor de γ-tocoferol nas amostras suplementadas com 2% de silicato de cálcio (143 µg/100 g massa seca) comparativamente com o controlo (5 µg/100 g ms). Relativamente aos ácidos gordos, não se obtiveram diferenças acentuadas em comparação com o controlo. Verificou-se que o silicato de cálcio contribuiu para uma melhoria do perfil químico, nos parâmetros avaliados, de P. ostreatus. Desta forma, esta substância poderá ser utilizada para suplementar o substrato de crescimento dos cogumelos, obtendo compostos essenciais para a dieta.
- Effects of calcium silicate on the chemical and bioactive composition of Pleurotus ostreatus var. FloridaPublication . Cardoso, Rossana V.C.; Carocho, Márcio; Fernandes, Ângela; Zied, Diego Cunha; Barreira, João C.M.; González-Paramás, Ana María; Barros, Lillian; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R.Mushrooms are low-calorie foods with good quality proteins, vitamins and minerals, besides holding potential for some medicinal applications. In fact, mushrooms could be a source of many different nutraceuticals such as steroids, phenolic compounds, and others. Thus, they might be used directly in diet and promote health, taking advantage of the additive and synergistic effects of all the bioactive compounds present1. The edible mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus var. Florida known as "Hiratake" is one of the most consumed mushrooms in the world2, mainly due its easy cultivation, economic potential, nutritional quality, as well as therapeutic and biological properties. Silicon (Si) is known to play an important role in the mineral nutrition supplementation of mushrooms and plants, including increased productivity, through the availability of nutrients, increased biomass and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses3. In this study, cultivated Pleurotus ostreatus var. Florida was supplemented with calcium silicate (0.5, 1, 2 and 4 %) and the effects of this supplementation on chemical and bioactive composition were evaluated. Ergosterol and vitamin D2 were determined by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a UV detector; organic acids and phenolic compounds were determined by ultrafast liquid chromatography coupled to a photodiode array detector4. The supplementation with calcium silicate exerted remarkably positive effects in the evaluated parameters. Specifically, higher vitamin D2 contents were obtained in samples treated with 1% and 2% (866 and 862 μg/100 g dw). A similar increase was obtained in organic acids (5.15 g/100 g dw), considering the three identified compounds (oxalic, malic and fumaric acids) in samples treated with 0.5% of calcium silicate. The calcium silicate supplementation also increased the total phenolic compounds (protocatechuic acid, p-coumaric acid and cinnamic acid) relatively to the control sample. Calcium silicate supplementation was effective in improving the chemical profiles of P. ostreatus. Therefore, this practice may represent an effective way to increase the compounds of interest in different mushrooms.
- Influence of calcium silicate on the chemical properties of pleurotus ostreatus var. Florida (Jacq.) P. KummPublication . Cardoso, Rossana V.C.; Carocho, Márcio; Fernandes, Ângela; Zied, Diego Cunha; Cobos, Juan Diego Valenzuela; González-Paramás, Ana María; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R.; Barros, LillianSupplementation of mushroom substrates has been linked to a higher resistance against insect pests, although few studies show the impact of this supplementation on the different agronomical parameters of mushrooms or even their chemical composition. In this work, the variation in the biological and chemical composition of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus var. florida (Jacq.) P. Kumm) was analysed after varying the substrate supplementation of calcium silicate (0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4% (w/w%)) during two harvest flushes. Overall, supplementation did not change the weight, the number of fruiting bodies, biological efficiency, yield ratio, and productivity rate of the mushrooms, although the harvest flushes did show significant differences. Furthermore, slight changes were found in the chemical composition with an increase in vitamin D2 and tocopherols for the mushrooms with higher amounts of calcium silicate. Overall, the substrate supplementation did not seem to induce expressive changes or decrease production yields, and can, therefore, continue to be researched as a potential application to fight agronomical pests.
- Influence of strains and environmental cultivation conditions on the bioconversion of ergosterol and vitamin D 2 in the sun mushroomPublication . Vieira Junior, Wagner Gonçalves; Cardoso, Rossana V.C.; Fernandes, Ângela; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R.; Barros, Lillian; Pardo‐Giménez, Arturo; Soares, Douglas Moraes Mendel; Stevani, Cassius Vinicius; Zied, Diego CunhaThe fungus Agaricus subrufescens is grown commercially in China, the USA, Brazil, Taiwan and Japan, among others. However, each country adopts a cultivation system that significantly influences the agronomical parameters and chemical composition of the harvested mushrooms. In this study, the influence of the cultivation process on the content of ergosterol and vitamin D2 was evaluated. RESULTS: Four commercial strains of A. subrufescens (ABL 04/49, ABL CS7, ABL 18/01 and ABL 19/01) and two environmental cultivation conditions (in the field and a controlled chamber with the absence of sunlight) were used. Infield cultivation, ABL CS7 and ABL 19/01 strains presented better agronomic parameters, whereas in a protected environment ABL 19/01, ABL 04/49 and ABL 18/01 demonstrated better performance, respectively. The highest biological efficiency value (64%) was provided by ABL 19/01 strain in a controlled environment. CONCLUSION: The highest content in ergosterol (990 mg kg−1) and vitamin D2 (36.8 mg kg−1) were observed in mushrooms obtained in the field from strain ABL 04/49, which presents reasonable agronomic parameters for cultivation.
- Influência do silicato de cálcio nas propriedades químicas de Pleurotus ostreatus var. FlóridaPublication . Cardoso, Rossana V.C.; Carocho, Márcio; Fernandes, Ângela; Zied, Diego Cunha; Valuenzuela Cobos, Juan Diego; González-Paramás, Ana María; Barros, Lillian; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R.Os cogumelos do género Pleurotus spp. são conhecidos e apreciados pelas suas aplicações na gastronomia, mas também pela adaptação a diferentes tipos de substratos. A suplementação de substratos (ex. silicato de cálcio) para a produção de cogumelos tem sido utilizada, uma vez que confere uma maior resistência a pragas. Poucos estudos evidenciam o impacto da suplementação do substrato no perfil químico dos cogumelos e neste sentido, foi avaliada a suplementação em amostras de Pleurotus ostreatus var. Flórida com silicato de cálcio a 0, 0.5, 1, 2 e 4% em duas colheitas seguidas do mesmo substrato. Os perfis em ergosterol e vitamina D2 foram determinados por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC) acoplada a um detetor UV, e os tocoferóis foram determinados por HPLC acoplada a um detetor de fluorescência. Foram encontradas pequenas alterações no perfil químico, verificando-se um aumento nos teores da vitamina D2 (779 μg/100 g ms) e tocoferóis totais (0,39 mg/100g ms) nas amostras com 2% de suplementação. Neste sentido, a suplementação com silicato de cálcio não parece induzir mudanças significativas nos perfis químicos destes cogumelos.