Browsing by Author "Skhiri, Fathia"
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- Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of fungal mycelia and culture mediaPublication . Souilem, Fedia; Fernandes, Ângela; Calhelha, Ricardo C.; Barreira, João C.M.; Barros, Lillian; Skhiri, Fathia; Martins, Anabela; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R.For centuries, mushrooms are used as fünctional foods or sources of natural medicine components.Besides the fruiting bodies, the mycelia and the culture media utilized in mushroom cultivation have been explored as potential sources of bioactive compounds, mostly due to the shorter incubation time and easier culture conditions, namely less required space, low probability of contamination and higher production of biomass, when compared to the fruiting bodies. Pleurotus eryngii (DC.) Quélis extensively studied and widely consumed, being acknowledged as a good dietary source of bioactive compounds. The less studied and consumed species Suillus bellinii (Inzenga) Watling was acknowledged for producing large amounts ofbiomass and exudates. To veriíy potential applications of the mycelia and culture media used to grow P. eryngü and >S'. bellinü, the phenolic acids and ergosterol contents, as well as their antioxidant and anti-inflarnmatory activities, were evaluated. The obtained results were further compared to those obtained with the Jfruiting bodies of wild samples (collected in Bragança, Portugal, in November 2015) of the same species.The mycelia were isolated fi-om sporocarps of each sample on different culture media (PDA,PDB and iMMN solid and liquid). Phenolic acids and ergosterol were determined by ultra-fast liquid chromatography coupled to a photodiode array detector (UFLC-PDA) or an ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV), respectively. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated by four different assays: DPPH radical-scavenging activity, reducing power, R-carotene bleaching inhibition and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay.The anti-inflammatory effect was determined by measuring the down-regulation ofNO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264. 7 cells. S. bellinii mycelia showed higher contents of ergosterol and phenolic compounds and better leveis of antioxidant activity. On the other hand, P. eryngii mycelia, under specific culture conditions, showed higher anti-inflammatory activity (inclusively when compared to its fnüting bodies). Overall, mycelia and culture media can be use as potential altemative sources of bioactive compounds or as ingredients to be included in applications with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
- Bioactive compounds and anti-inflammatory activity of Pleurotus eryngii and Suillus bellinii: A comparison between fruiting bodies and myceliaPublication . Souilem, Fedia; Fernandes, Ângela; Calhelha, Ricardo C.; Barreira, João C.M.; Barros, Lillian; Skhiri, Fathia; Martins, Anabela; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R.For several centuries, wild mushrooms have been part of the normal human diet, and also extensively consumed due to their organoleptic, chemical and nutritional properties. Not just fruiting bodies, but also their mycelia have been exploited for the development of natural drugs. Pleurotus eryngii (DC.) Quél and Suillus bellinii (Inzenga) Watling, in particular, are interesting source of nutritional and bioactive compounds and properties. In this context, the present work deals with the production of mushrooms’ mycelium using different solid and liquid culture media (PDA, PDB and solid and liquid iMMN). Furthermore, phenolic acids and ergosterol were determined both in fruiting bodies and mycelia, by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a photodiode array detector (HPLC-PAD) or an ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV), respectively, and the in vitro anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated by measuring the down-regulation of NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264 cells[1]. P. eryngii mycelia, under specific culture conditions, showed higher anti-inflammatory activity than the corresponding fruiting body. Otherwise, S. bellinii fruiting body had a strong anti-inflammatory activity which might be related to its higher contents in phenolic acids despite the higher amounts of ergosterol observed in its mycelium. Globally, the obtained mycelia maintained the functional components of the parent mushroom, namely phenolic acids and ergosterol, as also the anti-inflammatory properties, and could be used in nutraceutical or pharmaceutical formulations.
- Bioactive properties and compounds in fruiting bodies and mycelia of Pleurotus eryngii (DC.) Quél and Suillus bellinii (Inzenga) WatlingPublication . Souilem, Fedia; Fernandes, Ângela; Calhelha, Ricardo C.; Barreira, João C.M.; Barros, Lillian; Skhiri, Fathia; Martins, Anabela; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R.Mushrooms have been used as sources of natural compounds for pharmaceutical applications. Not just fruiting bodies, but also their mycelium have been recognized as important sources of bioactive molecules. Pleurotus eryngii (DC.) Quél, in particular, is widely consumed due to its nutritional value and bioactive properties. On the other hand, Suillus bellinii (Inzenga) Watling is known as an ectomycorrhizal symbiont whose bioactivity has been scarcely studied. In the present work, each one of this species (fruiting body, mycelium and culture media) was characterized in terms of wellrecognized bioactive compounds namely, phenolic acids and ergosterol, by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a photodiode array or an ultraviolet detector, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the samples was evaluated by four different assays: free radical scavenging activity, reducing power, b-carotene bleaching inhibition and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay. The cytotoxic activity, was evaluated either in human tumor cell lines (MCF-7- breast adenocarcinoma, NCI-H460- non-small cell lung cancer, HeLa- cervical carcinoma and HepG2- hepatocellular carcinoma), as also in a non-tumor porcine liver cells established in-house (PLP2). S. bellinii fruiting body and its mycelium showed higher contents of ergosterol and phenolic acids, and higher antioxidant activity than P. eryngii counterparts, Nevertheless, P. eryngii mycelium showed a cytotoxicity similar (sometimes superior) to its fruiting body, in comparison with S. bellinii mycelium that presented a lower anti-proliferative activity than its fruiting body. Overall, P. eryngii and S. bellinii, as well as their mycelia and culture media can be used as sources of bioactive compounds or as ingredients to be included in applications with antioxidant and cytotoxic properties.
- Wild mushrooms and their mycelia as sources of bioactive compounds: Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic propertiesPublication . Souilem, Fedia; Fernandes, Ângela; Calhelha, Ricardo C.; Barreira, João C.M.; Barros, Lillian; Skhiri, Fathia; Martins, Anabela; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R.Mushrooms are important sources of natural bioactive compounds. Pleurotus eryngii (DC.) Quél is recognized for its organoleptic quality and health effects, being extensively commercialized. Instead, Suillus bellinii (Inzenga) Watling is an ectomycorrhizal symbiont, whose main properties were scarcely reported. Considering current trends, the mycelia and the culture media of these mushrooms might be potential sources of bioactive compounds. Accordingly, P. eryngii and S. bellinii were studied for their phenolic acids and sterols, antioxidant capacity, anti-inflammatory effect and anti-proliferative activity. S. bellinii mycelia showed higher contents of ergosterol and phenolic compounds (also higher in its fruiting body) and stronger antioxidant activity than P. eryngii. Conversely, P. eryngii mycelia showed anti-inflammatory (absent in S. bellinii mycelia) and a cytotoxicity similar (sometimes superior) to its fruiting bodies, contrarily to S. bellinii. Furthermore, the assayed species showed differences in the growth rate and produced mycelia, which should be considered in further applications.