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- Combined exercise hinders the progression of pulmonary and right heart harmful remodeling in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertensionPublication . Leite, Luciano Bernardes; Soares, Leôncio Lopes; Portes, Alexandre Martins Oliveira; Silva, Bruna Aparecida Fonseca da; Dias, Taís Rodrigues; Soares, Thayana Inácia; Assis, Mirian Quintão; Guimarães-Ervilha, Luiz Otávio; Carneiro-Júnior, Miguel Araújo; Forte, Pedro; Machado-Neves, Mariana; Reis, Emily Correna Carlo; Natali, Antônio JoséThe aim of this study was to test whether combined physical exercise training of moderate intensity executed during the devel- opment of monocrotaline (MCT)-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) hinders the progression of pulmonary and right heart harmful functional and structural remodeling in rats. Wistar rats were injected with MCT (60 mg/kg) and after 24 h were exposed to a combined exercise training program: aerobic exercise (treadmill running—60 min/day; 60% of maximum running speed); and resistance exercise (vertical ladder climbing—15 climbs; 60% of maximum carrying load), on alternate days, 5 days/ wk, for 3 wk. After euthanasia, the lung and right ventricle (RV) were excised and processed for histological, single myocyte, and biochemical analyses. Combined exercise increased the tolerance to physical effort (time until fatigue and relative maximum load) and prevented increases in pulmonary artery resistance (acceleration time (TA)/ejection time (TE)] and reductions in RV function [tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE)]. Moreover, in myocytes isolated from the RV, combined exercise pre- served contraction amplitude, as well as contraction and relaxation velocities, and inhibited reductions in the amplitude and max- imum speeds to peak and to decay of the intracellular Ca2 þ transient. Furthermore, combined exercise avoided RV (RV weight, cardiomyocyte, extracellular matrix, collagen, inflammatory infiltrate, and extracellular matrix) and lung (pulmonary alveoli and al- veolar septum) harmful structural remodeling. In addition, combined exercise restricted RV [nitric oxide (NO) and carbonyl protein (CP)] and lung [catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and NO] oxidative stress. In conclusion, the applied combined exercise regime hinders the progression of pulmonary and right heart functional and structural harmful remodeling in rats with MCT-induced PAH.
- Resistance Training Before Hyperalgesia Induction Promotes Analgesic Effects Through Central and Peripheral Biomarker Modulation in an Experimental Fibromyalgia-like ModelPublication . Chiapeta, Andrês Valente; Oliveira, Leandro Licursi; Leite, Luciano Bernardes; Silva, Bruna Aparecida Fonseca da; Costa, Sebastião Felipe Ferreira; Soares, Leôncio Lopes; Moraes, Alexa Alves de; Drummond, Lucas Rios; Forte, Pedro; Natali, Antônio José; Carneiro-Júnior, Miguel AraújoFibromyalgia is a chronic syndrome characterized by widespread pain and complex pathophysiology, requiring new therapeutic approaches. This study aims to investigate the effects of resistance training (RT) before hyperalgesia induction on pain sensitivity, IL-6 and IL-10 expression in skeletal muscle, and thalamic serotonin levels in a fibromyalgia (FM)-like rat model. Methods: Wistar female rats aged 12 months were divided into four groups: untrained neutral saline (UNS), untrained acid saline (UAS), RT neutral saline (RTN), and RT acid saline (RTA). Both the RTN and RTA groups were subjected to an RT protocol comprising vertical ladder climbing three times a week throughout 14 weeks. The UAS and RTA groups received 100 mu L of neutral, sterile saline (pH 4.0) in the left gastrocnemius muscle, while the UNS and RTN groups received 100 mu L of neutral saline (pH 7.4). Mechanical hyperalgesia was assessed using Von Frey's electronic esthesiometer. Expression of interleukins 6 (IL-6) and 10 (IL-10) was analyzed in skeletal muscle, and serotonin expression was quantified in the thalamus. Results: After hyperalgesia induction, the RT groups demonstrated higher paw withdrawal thresholds than the UAS group (p < 0.05). Both IL-6 and IL-10 expression was lower in the RTA group compared to the UAS group (p < 0.05). Thalamic serotonin expression was higher (p < 0.05) in the RTA group compared to the UAS group. Conclusion: Previous RT was able to prevent mechanical hyperalgesia experienced by rats after its induction by acid saline by preventing the increase in the IL-6 and IL-10 levels in skeletal muscle and preventing the decrease in thalamic serotonin expression.