Browsing by Author "Shahidi, Fereidoon"
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- Compositional characteristics and health aspects of Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.): an overviewPublication . Alasalvar, Cesarettin; Shahidi, Fereidoon; Amaral, Joana S.; Oliveira, BeatrizHazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) belongs to the Betulaceae family and is a popular tree nut worldwide, mainly distributed in the coasts of the Black Sea region of Turkey, southern Europe (Italy, Spain, Portugal, and France), and in some areas of the United States (Oregon and Washington). Hazelnut is also cultivated in some other countries such as New Zealand, China, Azerbaijan, Chile, Iran, and Georgia, among others.
- Functional lipid characteristics of Turkish Tombul hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.)Publication . Alasalvar, Cesarettin; Amaral, Joana S.; Shahidi, FereidoonThe quality of crude oil extracted from Tombul (Round) hazelnut, grown in the Giresun province of Turkey, was evaluated for its fatty acid, triacylglycerol (TAG), tocol, and phytosterol compositions. Oleic acid contributed 82.78% to the total fatty acids, followed by linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acids. Among 12 TAGs separated, 11 were identified (including one unknown): LLL, OLL, PLL, OOL, POL, PPL, OOO, POO, PPO, SOO, and PSO (where P, palmitoyl; S, stearoyl; O, oleoyl; and L, linoleoyl). The main components were OOO (71.31%), OOL (12.26%), and POO (9.45%), reflecting the high content of oleic acid present in hazelnut oil. Seven tocol isoforms (four tocopherols and three tocotrienols) and eight phytosterols as well as cholesterol were positively identified and quantified; among these, R-tocopherol (40.40 mg/100 g) and -sitosterol (134.05 mg/100 g) were predominant in hazelnut oil and contributed 78.74 and 81.28% to the total tocols and phytosterols present, respectively. Tocotrienols were detected in small amounts (1.02% to the total tocols). The crude hazelnut oil extracted from Turkish Tombul hazelnut, thus, serves as a good source of nutrients, bioactives, and health-promoting components.
- Lipid characteristics and essential minerals of native Turkish hazelnut varieties (Corylus avellana L.)Publication . Alasalvar, Cesarettin; Amaral, Joana S.; Gülçin, Satır; Shahidi, FereidoonFive native hazelnut varieties from Turkey, namely, prime quality Tombul variety, and second grade quality Yassı Badem, Sivri, Karafındık, and Ham varieties were examined for their lipid characteristics (triacylglycerol, tocopherol, tocotrienol, phytosterol, and phytostanol composition) and 12 essential minerals. Among 12 triacylglycerols separated in all hazelnut varieties, OOO (61.0–77.5%) and OOL (10.5–22.8%) were the main components (where O = oleoyl and L = linoleoyl). Seven tocol isoforms (four tocopherols and three tocotrienols), seven phytosterols, as well as cholesterol, and one phytostanol were positively identified and quantified; among these, a-tocopherol and b-sitosterol were predominant in all hazelnut oils. Hazelnut varieties served as an excellent source of copper and manganese. Consumption of the recommended daily amount of 42.5 g of hazelnut from different varieties provides 44.4–83.6% of copper and 40.1–448% of recommended manganese intake for adults. These results suggest that second grade quality hazelnut varieties were as good sources of functional lipids and essential minerals as was prime quality Tombul hazelnut, with some exceptions (P < 0.05).