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- Potential impacts of pesticides on the honey bee (Apis mellifera iberiensis) gut microbiotaPublication . Ruschel, Gabrielly; Rosa-Fontana, Annelise; Pinto, M. AliceA healthy honey bee gut microbiota has emerged as a promising avenue to protect bees against stressors. Honey bees possess a stable core microbiota, and disruptions to this microbial community (dysbiosis) within a multifactorial stressor system may serve as an indicator of adverse health conditions. This study investigated the potential impacts of two widely used pesticides, flupyradifurone (FPF) and tau-fluvalinate (TFL), and the solvent acetone on the gut microbiota of worker bees. Using full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing (PacBio Sequel II), the microbial communities of exposed and unexposed bees were analyzed through alpha and beta diversity metrics, as well as taxonomic composition. The results revealed distinct microbial patterns across treatments. The acetone group exhibited the highest microbial richness (Chao1), but also greater interindividual variability and signs of dysbiosis, while the TFL group showed reduced diversity and increased dominance of specific taxa. FPF exposed bees maintained a more balanced microbial profile. Taxonomic analysis showed a predominance of Lactobacillus in pesticide-treated groups, while Bartonella, Snodgrassella, and Commensalibacter were reduced under acetone and TFL exposure. Gilliamella and Bifidobacterium responded differently depending on the treatment, suggesting adaptive or opportunistic dynamics. These findings demonstrate that not only pesticides, but also solvents like acetone, can significantly alter the gut microbiota of honey bees. This study highlights the need to re-evaluate the assumed inertness of formulation components in ecotoxicological risk assessments and reinforces the importance of microbiome-based indicators in pollinator health studies. The outcomes contribute to a deeper understanding of pesticide-microbiota interactions and offer insights to support more sustainable and pollinator-friendly agricultural practices.