Browsing by Author "Lima, Lisandra"
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- Biodiesel production through transesterification applying ionic liquids as catalystsPublication . Goes, Higgor Henrique Dias; Lima, Lisandra; Queiroz, Ana; Ribeiro, António E.; Brito, PauloThe production of biodiesel started as an alternative and sustainable form of energy to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. This work aims to study the production by transesterification of biodiesel from simulated oil consisting of mixes of waste cooking oil and oleic acid, using as a catalyst ionic liquid (IL) 1-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate [HMIM][HSO4]. The experimental tests were carried out using a two level total factorial design with one replicate, with three parameters: incorporated oleic acid (20% and 40% wt.), molar ratio oil/methanol (1:20 and 1:40) and reaction time (4h and 8h). The fixed operational conditions were: temperature (90ºC) and percentage of catalyst (10% wt.). The response studied was the conversion of the simulated oil. From the statistical analysis of the parameters, it was concluded that the parameters: reaction time and molar ratio oil/methanol, were those that showed the greatest influence on the result.
- Biodiesel production through transesterification applying ionic liquids as catalystsPublication . Goes, Higgor Henrique Dias; Lima, Lisandra; Queiroz, Ana; Ribeiro, António E.; Brito, PauloBiodiesel is a biofuel obtained from renewable biomass for internal combustion engines or energy generation, which can partially or totally replace fossil fuels. Biodiesel is chemically composed of FAMEs (fatty acid methyl esters), obtained from the chemical reaction of triglycerides with an alcohol, in the presence of a catalyst [1].
- Waste oils valorization through biodiesel synthesis using [HMIM]HSO4 ionic liquid as catalystPublication . Brito, Paulo; Goes, Higgor Henrique Dias; Lima, Lisandra; Queiroz, Ana; Ribeiro, António E.Historically, economic growth was always dependent on energy generation, causing pressure on fossil energy sources. In this context, alternative renewable energy sources have been extensively studied. Hence, biodiesel, a biofuel obtained from renewable biomass for internal combustion engines or energy generation, exhibits potential to replace partially or totally fossil fuels. Biodiesel is chemically composed of FAME (fatty acid methyl esters), that can be obtained from the chemical reaction of triglycerides with an alcohol, in the presence of a catalyst. Different raw materials can be used to produce biodiesel, such as edible vegetable oils (soybean oil, rapeseed oil) or inedible oils (jatropha oil, castor oil), animal fats, waste cooking oils and oils extracted from algae. Acid and basic catalysts are applied to increase the reaction rate. For transesterification reactions, basic catalysts (NaOH or KOH) are the most commonly used. Alternative options for these catalysts are ionic liquids (ILs), which are being studied since they enable a more environmentally sustainable biodiesel production process. Such compounds have potential for recyclability, high catalytic activity, simple operating conditions and high conversion rates with short reaction times. The objective of this work is to study the influence of applying 1-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate [HMIM]HSO4 IL on the catalysis of esterification/transesterification reactions of a highly acidic waste vegetable oil (WVO), in order to assess the viability of the use of acidic imidazolium based ILs as catalysts in biodiesel production processes. Therefore, samples of simulated oils with variable acidity were used as raw material. These samples were prepared by the incorporation of different contents of oleic acid (tech. 90%) in a previously qualitatively and quantitatively characterized WVO. For the reaction, methanol was used and IL [HMIM]HSO4 was applied as the catalyst. An experimental design based on a total factorial was generated with three parameters at two levels (2^3) in duplicate: incorporated oleic acid, methanol/simulated oil molar ratio, and reaction time. Two responses were evaluated: the conversion of the simulated oil, measured according to the procedure described in the European Standard EN14104/2008, and the produced biodiesel FAME content, estimated by GC-FID, according to the procedure established in the European Standard EN 14103/2003. The fixed reaction parameters were: temperature, 90°C, and catalyst charge, 10% wt, and the statistical analysis was carried out with Design Expert 11 software.