Percorrer por autor "Karnouskos, Stamatis"
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- A 70-Year industrial electronics society evolution through industrial revolutions: the rise and flourishing of information and communication technologiesPublication . Colombo, Armando W.; Karnouskos, Stamatis; Yu, Xinghuo; Kaynak, Okyay; Luo, Ren C.; Shi, Yang; Leitão, Paulo; Ribeiro, Luis; Haase, JanThe Industrial Revolution, which originally involved the change from an agrarian and handicraft economy to a market dominated by factory mechanization during the early 18th century, has profoundly shaped the world. It has progressed through four disruptive phases: Industry 1.0 through Industry 4.0. Industry 1.0 encompassed early automation, while Industry 2.0 began at the end of the 19th century, when enormous technological advances were made, such as mass production, electrification, and new modes of transportation. Industry 3.0 began during the 1970s, a decade that gave rise to the electronics, telecommunications, and computing that enable full automation and robotics. Industry 4.0 kicked off at the dawn of the third millennium, marked by the ubiquitous use of Internet technologies, which have radically transformed how people, society, and industry interact. The inception of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IES) was in 1951 [1], when Industry 2.0 was at its peak and members of the Institute of Radio Engineers Industrial Electronics Group saw the changing technological landscape in electronics. Those IES pioneers established the Society to promote “industrial electronics,” which are defined by Cambridge Dictionary as electronic equipment for industrial purposes. This early vision lives on and is even more relevant today, as industry and society expect technological advances to be relevant and impactful.
- Alignment of the IEEE industrial agents recommended practice standard with the reference architectures RAMI4.0, IIRA, and SGAMPublication . Leitão, Paulo; Karnouskos, Stamatis; Strasser, Thomas I.; Jia, Xiaodong; Lee, Jay; Colombo, Armando W.Industrial cyber-physical systems (ICPS) are a key element that acts as the backbone infrastructure for realizing innovative systems compliant with the fourth industrial revolution vision and requirements to realize it. Several architectures, such as the reference architectural model industry 4.0 (RAMI4.0), the industrial Internet reference architecture (IIRA), and the smart grid architecture model (SGAM), have been proposed to develop and integrate ICPS, their services, and applications for different domains. In such architectures, the digitization of assets and interconnection to relevant industrial processes and business services is of paramount importance. Different technological solutions have been developed that overwhelmingly focus on the integration of the assets with their cyber counterpart. In this context, the adoption of standards is crucial to enable the compatibility and interoperability of these network-based systems. Since industrial agents are seen as an enabler in realizing ICPS, this work aims to provide insights related to the use and alignment of the recently established IEEE 2660.1 recommended practice to support ICPS developers and engineers to integrate assets in the context of each one of the three referred reference architectures. A critical discussion also points out some noteworthy aspects that emerge when using the IEEE 2660.1 in these architectures and discusses limitations and challenges ahead.
- Assessing the integration of software agents and industrial automation systems with ISO/IEC 25010Publication . Karnouskos, Stamatis; Sinha, Roopak; Leitão, Paulo; Ribeiro, Luis; Strasser, Thomas I.Agent-technologies have been used for higher-level decision making in addition to carrying out lower-level automation and control functions in industrial systems. Recent research has identified a number of architectural patterns for the use of agents in industrial automation systems but these practices vary in several ways, including how closely agents are coupled with physical systems and their control functions. Such practices may play a pivotal role in the Cyber-Physical System integration and interaction. Hence, there is a clear need for a common set of criteria for assessing available practices and identifying a bestfit practice for a given industrial use case. Unfortunately, no such common criteria exist currently. This work proposes an assessment criteria approach as well as a methodology to enable the use case based selection of a best practice for integrating agents and industrial systems. The software product quality model proposed by the ISO/IEC 25010 family of standards is used as starting point and is put in the industrial automation context. Subsequently, the proposed methodology is applied, and a survey of experts in the domain is carried out,in order to reveal some insights on the key characteristics of the subject matter.
- Common practices for integrating industrial agents and low level automation functionsPublication . Leitão, Paulo; Karnouskos, Stamatis; Ribeiro, Luis; Moutis, Panayiotis; Barbosa, José; Strasser, Thomas I.Industrial agent technologies have been integrated in key elements coupling industrial systems and software logic, which is an important issue in the design of cyber-physical systems. Although several efforts have been tried out over the last decades to integrate software agents with physical hardware devices, and some commonalities can be observed among the existing practices, there is no uniform way overall. This work presents an empirical survey of existing practices in three application area, namely factory automation, power & energy systems and building automation. It identifies pertaining common issues and discusses how they integrate low level automation functions by utilizing industrial agents. The surveyed practices reveal high diversity, customized traditional integration focusing mostly on I/O functions, without security, and an overall approach that is mostly coupled rather than embedded.
- A community analysis of the IEEE IES industrial agents technical committeePublication . Ribeiro, Luis; Karnouskos, Stamatis; Leitão, Paulo; Strasser, Thomas I.At the dawn of the 4th industrial revolution, the use of software agents, service-oriented architectures and related technologies as primary constructs of Cyber-Physical Industrial systems is of high relevance. Current developments in this area have been consistently supported by an active community of researchers and practitioners in the past decades. Most of the main actors in the area are members of the IEEE IES Technical Community on Industrial Agents (TCIA). This work analyzes the evolution of this research and development network. It does so by identifying and investigating specialized sub-communities within the larger umbrella of Industrial Agents, their research interests and directions. In total of 7430 documents from 8045 authors were collected from the Google Scholar profiles of the TCIA members. The analysis reveals different research trends, transitions over the years and the emergence of application and domain foci, that are critically discussed.
- Cross benefits from cyber-physical systems and intelligent products for future smart industriesPublication . Barbosa, José; Leitão, Paulo; Trentesaux, Damien; Colombo, Armando W.; Karnouskos, StamatisThe manufacturing industry is facing a technology paradigm change, as also captured in the Industrie 4.0 vision as the fourth industrial revolution. Future smart industries will require to optimize not only their own manufacturing processes but also the use of products and manufacturing resources, their maintenance and their recycling. In this context the strengths and weak nesses of two key concepts, namely Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) and Intelligent Product (IP) are discussed, and it is suggested that an integration of these two approaches to meet the introduced emergent requirements is beneficial. The integration of CPS and IP is shown via two real-world industrial cases, covering different phases of the product life-cycle, namely the production, use and maintenance phases.
- Engineering of next generation cyber-physical automation system architecturesPublication . Foehr, Matthias; Vollmar, Jan; Calà, Ambra; Leitão, Paulo; Karnouskos, Stamatis; Colombo, Armando W.Cyber-Physical-Systems (CPS) enable flexible and reconfigurable realization of automation system architectures, utilizing distributed control architectures with non-hierarchical modules linked together through different communication systems. Several control system architectures have been developed and validated in the past years by research groups. However, there is still a lack of implementation in industry. The intention of this work is to provide a summary of current alternative control system architectures that could be applied in industrial automation domain as well as a review of their commonalities. The aim is to point out the differences between the traditional centralized and hierarchical architectures to discussed ones, which rely on decentralized decision-making and control. Challenges and impacts that industries and engineers face in the process of adopting decentralized control architectures are discussed, analysing the obstacles for industrial acceptance and the new necessary interdisciplinary engineering skills. Finally, an outlook of possible mitigation and migration actions required to implement the decentralized control architectures is addressed.
- Industrial agents as a key enabler for realizing industrial cyber-physical systems: multiagent systems entering industry 4.0Publication . Karnouskos, Stamatis; Leitão, Paulo; Ribeiro, Luis; Colombo, Armando W.Industrial agents (IAs) [1] are multiagentbased systems (MASs) [2] that, for many years, have been advocated as a promising and realistic solution for an emerging set of industrial challenges. In the past, MASs fell into the scope of enterprise agility [3]–[8], and now, more than ever, pertain to the industrial digital transformation and sustainability spheres. MAS technology is being applied to several industrial applications in the cyber-physical system (CPS) context, namely, in smart production, smart electric grids, smart logistics, and smart health care [9]. To understand the future potential of IAs, one must first have a sufficiently concise view of the past and present efforts, i.e., understand their early applications and current directions. Such a view is necessary because, over the last decades, the concept of the IA has proven to be a bit of a moving target, adjusting to the needs, visions, and technologies of each era. As an example, Figure 1 reflects this reality well by depicting the most prevalent words in IA research articles [10] published by the IEEE Technical Committee on IAs [11], and it makes it evident that they encompass a wide range of industrial system aspects. This work presents a view of the authors and is driven by looking at past and recent efforts in the IA domain, current trends, and relevance, with key enabling features of industrial CPSs (ICPSs) [12], [13], to assess how the agent definitions, development, and solutions have changed over the years and where current efforts may focus.
- Industrial agents in the era of service-oriented architectures and cloudbased industrial infrastructuresPublication . Leitão, Paulo; Karnouskos, StamatisThe umbrella paradigm underpinning novel collaborative industrial systems is to consider the set of intelligent system units as a conglomerate of distributed, autonomous, intelligent, proactive, fault-tolerant, and reusable units, which operate as a set of cooperating entities (Colombo and Karnouskos, 2009). These entities are forming an evolvable infrastructure, entering and/or going out (plug-in/plugout) in an asynchronous manner. Moreover, these entities, having each of them their own functionalities, data, and associated information are now connected and able to interact. They are capable of working in a proactive manner, initiating collaborative actions and dynamically interacting with each other in order to achieve both local and global objectives.
- Industrial agents: emerging applications of software agents in industryPublication . Leitão, Paulo; Karnouskos, StamatisThe objective of this book is to address both industry practitioners and academia, providing the vision, on-going efforts, example applications, assessments, and roadmaps associated with industrial agents used in multiple industries. Such a book provides an introduction to the “industrial agents” domain by discussing up-to-date examples of their applications in industry, and it offers a view of future challenges with an accompanying roadmap. Part I introduces industrial agents, as well as the benefits, limitations, and applicability of agent technology, and it considers competing and complementary approaches for designing, deploying, and assessing industrial agent systems. Part II discusses related concepts and technologies that are complementary to the implementation of the agent technology, namely service orientation, integration with low-level controls using IEC6113-3 and IEC 61499 standards, resilience and security, and the requirements for the application of industrial agents in virtual enterprises and at production automation levels. Part III provides a catalog of industrial agent-based applications, considering different sectors. Each chapter describes an existing industrial application or an innovative future application currently being developed in cutting-edge R&D projects. This catalog is structured around motivation/overview, detailed application description, benefits, assessment, and conclusion. Finally, Part IV provides a survey analysis identifying the factors that impact the industrial acceptance of this paradigm and the market and application domains that better benefit from using agents. This part finishes with a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis for the application of agent technology in industrial environments.
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