Browsing by Author "Colombo, Armando W."
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- A 70-Year industrial electronics society evolution through industrial revolutions: the rise and flourishing of information and communication technologiesPublication . Colombo, Armando W.; Karnouskos, Stamatis; Yu, Xinghuo; Kaynak, Okyay; Luo, Ren C.; Shi, Yang; Leitão, Paulo; Ribeiro, Luis; Haase, JanThe Industrial Revolution, which originally involved the change from an agrarian and handicraft economy to a market dominated by factory mechanization during the early 18th century, has profoundly shaped the world. It has progressed through four disruptive phases: Industry 1.0 through Industry 4.0. Industry 1.0 encompassed early automation, while Industry 2.0 began at the end of the 19th century, when enormous technological advances were made, such as mass production, electrification, and new modes of transportation. Industry 3.0 began during the 1970s, a decade that gave rise to the electronics, telecommunications, and computing that enable full automation and robotics. Industry 4.0 kicked off at the dawn of the third millennium, marked by the ubiquitous use of Internet technologies, which have radically transformed how people, society, and industry interact. The inception of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IES) was in 1951 [1], when Industry 2.0 was at its peak and members of the Institute of Radio Engineers Industrial Electronics Group saw the changing technological landscape in electronics. Those IES pioneers established the Society to promote “industrial electronics,” which are defined by Cambridge Dictionary as electronic equipment for industrial purposes. This early vision lives on and is even more relevant today, as industry and society expect technological advances to be relevant and impactful.
- ADACOR, a collaborative production automation and control architecturePublication . Leitão, Paulo; Colombo, Armando W.; Restivo, FranciscoAn analysis of the ADACOR collaborative manufacturing control architecture from the point of view of the Collaborative Manufacturing Management paradigm shows how ADACOR supports integration and extension across the manufacturing value chain.
- Alignment of the IEEE industrial agents recommended practice standard with the reference architectures RAMI4.0, IIRA, and SGAMPublication . Leitão, Paulo; Karnouskos, Stamatis; Strasser, Thomas I.; Jia, Xiaodong; Lee, Jay; Colombo, Armando W.Industrial cyber-physical systems (ICPS) are a key element that acts as the backbone infrastructure for realizing innovative systems compliant with the fourth industrial revolution vision and requirements to realize it. Several architectures, such as the reference architectural model industry 4.0 (RAMI4.0), the industrial Internet reference architecture (IIRA), and the smart grid architecture model (SGAM), have been proposed to develop and integrate ICPS, their services, and applications for different domains. In such architectures, the digitization of assets and interconnection to relevant industrial processes and business services is of paramount importance. Different technological solutions have been developed that overwhelmingly focus on the integration of the assets with their cyber counterpart. In this context, the adoption of standards is crucial to enable the compatibility and interoperability of these network-based systems. Since industrial agents are seen as an enabler in realizing ICPS, this work aims to provide insights related to the use and alignment of the recently established IEEE 2660.1 recommended practice to support ICPS developers and engineers to integrate assets in the context of each one of the three referred reference architectures. A critical discussion also points out some noteworthy aspects that emerge when using the IEEE 2660.1 in these architectures and discusses limitations and challenges ahead.
- An approach to the formal specification of holonic control systemsPublication . Leitão, Paulo; Colombo, Armando W.; Restivo, FranciscoIn the manufacturing world, globalisation leads to a trend towards the reduction of batches and product life cycle, and the increase of part diversity, which are in conflict with other requirements, such as the cost reduction achieved with higher productivity. Thus, the challenge is to develop flexible, agile and intelligent management and control architectures that satisfy the referred requirements. The holonic manufacturing and the agent-based manufacturing approaches allow a new approach to the manufacturing problem, through concepts such as modularity, decentralisation, autonomy and re-use of control software components. ADACOR, one of the holonic architectures recently proposed, defines a set of autonomous and intelligent holons aiming to improve the performance of control system in industrial scenarios characterised by the frequent occurrence of unexpected disturbances. The formal modeling and validation of the specifications of the ADACOR-holons and of the interactions between these holons to implement the manufacturing control functions is of critical importance. In this paper, a formal methodology is introduced and applied to model the dynamic behaviour of the ADACOR-holon classes.
- An approach towards the development life-cycle of agent-based production control applicationsPublication . Leitão, Paulo; Colombo, Armando W.This paper discusses a new approach to the development life-cycle of agent-based production control applications, from the design to the operation, based in a catalogue of High-level Petri nets. The High-level Petri net-based approach facilitates the conception, definition and formal specification of an "encapsulation process" in industrial production systems. The catalogue includes elements for the identification of manufacturing components, the development of agent-based control units, the formal validation ofthe models and theformal specification of complete collaborative automation scenarios.
- Behaviour and integration of service-oriented automation and production devices at the shop-floorPublication . Mendes, João M.; Restivo, Francisco; Colombo, Armando W.; Leitão, PauloAutomation and manufacturing systems are changing in the direction of cooperative ecosystems with heterogeneous entities. An important feature that should be considered is the vertical integration from the business needs down to the shop-floor where the real action takes place. This paper analyses the integration of shop-floor devices into the IT-enterprise but maintaining also a certain degree of independence in terms of behaviour. Service-oriented paradigm is used as the main backbone due its proven merits in the business levels and recently also in automation and production systems. In the provided example, high-level Petri nets (HLPN) demonstrate a set of useful features, namely the partial behaviour description and analysis and some parameters in the integration. The resulting application leads to an easy integration of autonomous devices in the IT-enterprise, taking especially in account the requirements of the shop-floor level.
- A collaborative automation approach to distributed production systemsPublication . Colombo, Armando W.; Schoop, Ronald; Leitão, Paulo; Restivo, FranciscoThe new enterprise organizations, such as virtual enterprise and smart enterprise, require the usage of collaborative automation approaches, addressing the flexibility and dynamic re-configurability. Collaborative automation is a result of the integration of emerging technologies and paradigms like smart agent-based control technology, mechatronics, communication and information. This paper reviews the paradigms evolution from CIM to the collaborative manufacturing management and discusses how and why the holonic control architecture ADACOR is a typical architecture that exhibits the real meaning of the collaborative manufacturing management concept.
- Composition of Petri nets models in service-oriented industrial automationPublication . Mendes, João M.; Leitão, Paulo; Restivo, Francisco; Colombo, Armando W.In service-oriented systems, composition of services is required to build new, distributed and more complex services, based on the logic behavior of individual ones. This paper discusses the formal composition of Petri nets models used for the process description and control in service-oriented automation systems. The proposed approach considers two forms for the composition of services, notably the offline composition, applied during the design phase, and the online composition, related to the synchronization of Petri nets models on the fly. An experimental case study is used to illustrate the proposed composition approach.
- Cross benefits from cyber-physical systems and intelligent products for future smart industriesPublication . Barbosa, José; Leitão, Paulo; Trentesaux, Damien; Colombo, Armando W.; Karnouskos, StamatisThe manufacturing industry is facing a technology paradigm change, as also captured in the Industrie 4.0 vision as the fourth industrial revolution. Future smart industries will require to optimize not only their own manufacturing processes but also the use of products and manufacturing resources, their maintenance and their recycling. In this context the strengths and weak nesses of two key concepts, namely Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) and Intelligent Product (IP) are discussed, and it is suggested that an integration of these two approaches to meet the introduced emergent requirements is beneficial. The integration of CPS and IP is shown via two real-world industrial cases, covering different phases of the product life-cycle, namely the production, use and maintenance phases.
- Customizable service-oriented Petri net controllersPublication . Mendes, João M.; Restivo, Francisco; Leitão, Paulo; Colombo, Armando W.In industrial automation, service-orientation is a relatively new and ascending concept and thus, concrete integrated methodologies are missing to accomplish the required development tasks. A suitable approach is to use the powerful set of features that Petri nets formalism provides for such dynamic systems. This paper presents a token game template that is part of the open methodology for the development of customized Petri nets controllers, targeting the engineering of service-oriented industrial automation. This template is based on a state machine specification for the life-cycle of transitions that leaves several options open for extending it with features depending on the application. The practical use and implementation should bring, among others, featured-full and integrated modeling, analysis and control capabilities, which is required by service-oriented ecosystems. This core structure was used and validated in the development of control applications for an industrial automation system.