Browsing by Author "Carvalho, Joana"
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- Aerobic performance and morphological modifications after a 4 months's physical activity training program in elderly womenPublication . Monteiro, A.M.; Carvalho, Joana; Mota, Paula; Bragada, José A.Research clearly shows that physical activity (PA) is an important factor to develop and maintain good health and adequate body functions in older people. In this context, the purpose of this study was to determine aerobic performance and morphological modifications after a 4 month physical activity program (PAP) in elderly. METHODS Forty subjects divided in two groups (control, n=20; and experimental, n=20) were evaluated twice, at the beginning and after a 4-month-activity program period. This program called “+ age + health” consists of 3 week sessions of one hour each, based on walking and aerobic exercises. The control group had, at its first evaluation, the followings characteristics: average body mass 68kg±15, 28±5 BMI, 37%±5 body fat, 2.2kg±0.4 bone mass, 42%±9 lean body mass and did 129 repetitions ± 46 on a 2-Minute Step Test (2MST). The assessment of anthropometric and morphological variables was measured through an electrical bioimpedance scale (TANITA - BC 545). Aerobic endurance was evaluated from a 2MST.RESULTS In the control group only the percentage of body fat changed significantly, and increased over time. In the experimental group we found a positive relationship between PAP and the majority of morphological variables. The percentage of variation changed in: body fat (-4.3%±7.6, p=0.014), bone mass (2.4%±3.1, p=0.004) and 2MST (33.6%±63.1, p=0.023). In the remaining variables there were no significant modifications. The significant modification in 2MST after the activity period means that the aerobic performance can be improved in elderly, and attenuates the negative effects of age. Moreover, the benefits of PAP can be seen by positive alterations registered in lean body mass and in the percentage of body fat.
- Aerobic performance and morphological modifications after a 4 months's physical activity training program in elderly womenPublication . Monteiro, A.M.; Carvalho, Joana; Mota, Paula; Bragada, José A.Research clearly shows that physical activity (PA) is an important factor to develop and maintain good health and adequate body functions in older people. In this context, the purpose of this study was to determine aerobic performance and morphological modifications after a 4 month physical activity program (PAP) in Forty subjects divided in two groups (control, n=20; and experimental, n=20) were evaluated twice, at the beginning and after a 4-month-activity program period. This program called “+ age + health” consists of 3 week ses- sions of one hour each, based on walking and aerobic exercises. The control group had, at its first evaluation, the fol- lowings characteristics: average body mass 68kg±15, 28±5 BMI, 37%±5 body fat, 2.2kg±0.4 bone mass, 42%±9 lean body mass and did 129 repetitions ± 46 on a 2-Minute Step Test (2MST). The assessment of anthropometric and mor- phological variables was measured through an electrical bioimpedance scale (TANITA - BC 545). Aerobic endurance was evaluated from a 2MST
- Aging association to the evaluation of the physical capacity in institutionalized old people of both genderPublication . Monteiro, A.M.; Clemente, Grabiel; Mota, Paula; Carvalho, JoanaRecognising the benefits of regular physical exercise among aged people, the importance of knowing the factors that influence the participation of that population in the physical activity relies on the possibility of improving the intervention accuracy, the kinds of offer and activities. This way and bearing in mind the importance that physical activity assumes in life quality and activity performances, it is crucial to determine the levels of physical capacity, which is taken as one of the objectives of the physical activity, either at physical and physiological levels: to increase the physical capacity through the development, strength, resistance, flexibility, coordination and balance, as a way to overpass accurately and effortlessly the “challenges” of the daily activities, as well as diminishing the probability of the development of some degenerative chronic diseases. The aim of this current study was to assess the levels of Physical Capacity of aged individuals from both sexes, living in care homes and establishing a comparison with ageing. Methods: The sample is composed by institutionalized aged people, from care homes with ages from 68 to 96 (82,85±7,06). The women group (WG) was 18 subjects and the men group (MG) was 18 subjects too. We evaluated Body Mass Index (BMI) and to assess the physical capacity parameters we used the battery of tests developed by Rikli and Jones (1999). The test items included: chair stand test (assess lower-body strength); arm curl test (measure upper-body strength); 6-minute walk test (assess aerobic endurance); chair sit-and-reach test [assess lower-body (primarily hamstring) flexibility]; back scratch test [assess upper-body (shoulder) flexibility]; and 8 feet up-and-go test (assess agility and dynamic balance). The used statistical procedures were the descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation and frequency distribution), presentation of the higher and minimal values in relation to the variables dependent on sex. And the inferential statistics (non-parametric tests for independent samples and U Mann Whitney). Results: The following results have shown that in average statistics significance was found in BMI (p <0,004). In Rikly and Jones battery tests, no statistics significance was found in every test. Conclusion: The levels of physical capacity that the aged people from the sample show are very low nevertheless the male genre presents higher values in every tests, with the exception of those which assess the flexibility of the upper-body and lower-body.
- Body image association and habitual physical activity in institutionalized elderlyPublication . Monteiro, A.M.; Neves, Carlos; Baptista, Rafael; Mota, Paula; Carvalho, JoanaResearch clearly shows that physical activity (PA) is one important factor in developing and maintaining good health and function in older people. Knowledge of the underlying processes that influence the elderly to initiate and maintain lifestyle changes is an important requirement for the development of a PA intervention. The aim of this study is to analyse the variation of the body image at its component parts of perception and satisfaction and the ha- bitual PA in institutionalized old people of both genders who are physically active or not. Methods: The sample (n=33; 77,6 ± 5,75, years) was divided into two different groups, the Physical Active Group (PAG, n =18) and the Physical Inactive Group (PIG, n = 15). The PAG comprises 10 fe- males and 8 males and PIG comprises 6 females and 9 males. The perception of the body image was assessed by the Body Size Estimation Method; the satisfaction with the body image was assessed by the Body Image Satisfaction Questionnaire. The questionnaire Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) was used to evaluate the habitual PA. We adopted the following statistical procedures: Descrip- tive Statistics (mean, standard deviation and frequency dis- tribution) and Inferential Statistic (nonparametric tests for independent samples, Mann Whitney U and Chi- Square test). Results: The following results have shown that in average, no statistics significance was found between the mean of satisfaction with the body image, when comparing genders and the physically active elderly and the physically inactive elderly. Conclusion: The main conclusions are:(i) the perceptions of the body image do not differ between old people, neither in gender nor in PA; (ii) the satisfaction with the body image does not differ in gender neither in PA; (iii) the habitual PA does not differ in gender.
- Body image association and habitual physical activity in institutionalized elederlyPublication . Monteiro, A.M.; Neves, Carlos; Baptista, Rafael; Mota, Paula; Carvalho, JoanaResearch clearly shows that physical activity (PA) is one important factor in developing and maintaining good health and function in older people. Knowledge of the underlying processes that influence the elderly to initiate and maintain lifestyle changes is an important requirement for the development of a PA intervention. The aim of this study is to analyse the variation of the body image at its component parts of perception and satisfaction and the ha- bitual PA in institutionalized old people of both genders who are physically active or not. Methods: The sample (n=33; 77,6 ± 5,75, years) was divided into two different groups, the Physical Active Group (PAG, n =18) and the Physical Inactive Group (PIG, n = 15). The PAG comprises 10 fe- males and 8 males and PIG comprises 6 females and 9 males. The perception of the body image was assessed by the Body Size Estimation Method; the satisfaction with the body image was assessed by the Body Image Satisfaction Questionnaire. The questionnaire Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) was used to evaluate the habitual PA. We adopted the following statistical procedures: Descrip- tive Statistics (mean, standard deviation and frequency dis- tribution) and Inferential Statistic (nonparametric tests for independent samples, Mann Whitney U and Chi- Square test). Results: The following results have shown that in average, no statistics significance was found between the mean of satisfaction with the body image, when comparing genders and the physically active elderly and the physically inactive elderly. Conclusion: The main conclusions are:(i) the perceptions of the body image do not differ between old people, neither in gender nor in PA; (ii) the satisfaction with the body image does not differ in gender neither in PA; (iii) the habitual PA does not differ in gender.
- Comparison between physical activity levels in men and women institucionalized elderly with MTI actigraphPublication . Monteiro, A.M.; Mota, Paula; Carvalho, JoanaExact evaluation of the quantity and intensity of physical activity in daily life is considered very important due to the close relationship between physical activity level, functional decline and sedentary habits. Even moderate-to-vigorous intense physical activity (PA) is beneficial when done regularly for a total of 30 minutes or longer on most or all days. We used in this study accelerometers to measured minute-by-minute the movement, to assess PA volume and intensity performed by women and men older adults in different groups. The objective of this study was to analyze the pattern of PA performed by the Women and Men elderly in their daily routine. Methods: The sample was divided into two different groups (79,04±7,5 years old; BMI: 26,0±4,0), 166 subjects constitute the women group (WG) and 131 belong to the men group (MG). The Physical activity levels were directly measured for seven consecutive days using a MTI Actigraph accelerometer model 7164. The assessment of the level of physical activity performed by each individual has been carried out using the values suggested by Freedson et al. (1998). We joint the moderate/vigorous PA intensities because we have a few values in vigorous intensity. The habitual physical activity performed by the groups has been monitored and registered during a complete week (activity performed in week days and weekend). The statistical procedures were the Descriptive Statistics (mean, standard deviation and frequency distribution) and a Student t-test was used to compare WG and MG on the physical activity (PA) performances. Results: The results provided are: (i) The mean PA lower at a week by hour (p<0,428), the mean PA lower at a weekend (p<0,893) and de mean PA lower at all week by hour (p<0,622) were slightly higher in the WG than MG. (ii) The mean PA moderate/vigorous at a week by hour (p<0,457), the mean PA moderate/vigorous at a weekend (p<0,053) and de mean PA moderate/vigorous at all week by hour (p<0,167) were slightly higher in the MG than WG. (iii) No statistics significance between groups was found in Lower PA and in moderate/vigorous PA. Conclusion: We conclude that the groups have an equal profile of performance in PA in Lower or moderate/ vigorous intensities. There was no statistic significance in every intensities.
- Comparison between physical activity levels in men and women institucionalized elderly with MTI actigraphPublication . Monteiro, A.M.; Mota, Paula; Carvalho, JoanaExact evaluation of the quantity and intensity of physical activity in daily life is considered very important due to the close relationship between physical activity level, functional decline and sedentary habits. Even moderate-to-vigorous intense physical activity (PA) is beneficial when done regularly for a total of 30 minutes or longer on most or all days. We used in this study accelerometers to measured minute-by-minute the movement, to assess PA volume and intensity performed by women and men older adults in different groups. The objective of this study was to analyze the pattern of PA performed by the Women and Men elderly in their daily routine. Methods: The sample was divided into two different groups (79,04±7,5 years old; BMI: 26,0±4,0), 166 subjects constitute the women group (WG) and 131 belong to the men group (MG). The Physical activity levels were directly measured for seven consecutive days using a MTI Actigraph accelerometer model 7164. The assessment of the level of physical activity performed by each individual has been carried out using the values suggested by Freedson et al. (1998). We joint the moderate/vigorous PA intensities because we have a few values in vigorous intensity. The habitual physical activity performed by the groups has been monitored and registered during a complete week (activity performed in week days and weekend). The statistical procedures were the Descriptive Statistics (mean, standard deviation and frequency distribution) and a Student t-test was used to compare WG and MG on the physical activity (PA) performances. Results: The results provided are: (i) The mean PA lower at a week by hour (p<0,428), the mean PA lower at a weekend (p<0,893) and de mean PA lower at all week by hour (p<0,622) were slightly higher in the WG than MG. (ii) The mean PA moderate/vigorous at a week by hour (p<0,457), the mean PA moderate/vigorous at a weekend (p<0,053) and de mean PA moderate/vigorous at all week by hour (p<0,167) were slightly higher in the MG than WG. (iii) No statistics significance between groups was found in Lower PA and in moderate/vigorous PA. Conclusion: We conclude that the groups have an equal profile of performance in PA in Lower or moderate/ vigorous intensities. There was no statistic significance in every intensities
- Comparison between physical activity levels in rural and city elderly with MTI actigraphPublication . Monteiro, A.M.; Neves, Carlos; Baptista, Rafael; Mota, Paula; Carvalho, JoanaThe quantification of physical activity in the el- derly has been assuming a relevant role in the attempts to minimise and control problems related to functional decline and sedentary habits. The physical activity (PA) recom- mendation of accumulating 30 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is necessary to promote optimal health benefit. Since the pattern of physical activity is usu- ally different between urban citizens and the rural workers throughout live, it is important to assess how different it re- mains after retirement. Research into daily PA patterns of older adults (8805;65 years) has primarily relied on self- report. This study used accelerometers, an objective mea- sure of minute-by-minute movement, to assess PA volume and intensity performed by older adults in different regions. The main aim of this study is, therefore, to analyse the pattern of PA performed by the elderly from rural commu- nities and by the elderly from urban communities in their daily routine, and to compare it with the recommendations pre-established by literature on the subject. Methods: The sample was divided into two different groups aged between 66-91 yr (average age=77,52±6,5 years old), 33 of then constitute the rural group (RG) and the remained 42 be- long to the city one (CG). The Physical activity levels were directly measured for seven consecutive days using a MTI Actigraph accelerometer model 7164. The assessment of the level of physical activity performed by each individual has been carried out using the values suggested by Freed- son et al. (1998). The habitual physical activity performed by the groups has been monitored and registered through- out a complete week, being, thus, obtained the results of their activity performed both on week days and weekend. The statistical procedures were the Descriptive Statistics (mean, standard deviation and frequency distribution) and a Student t-test was used to compare groups (rural, urban) on the physical activity (PA) performances. Results: The results provided are: (i) The mean PA at a week by hour was higher in the rural group (p < 0,001); (ii) Total mean of PA at a week by hour was higher in the rural group (p < 0,01);(iii) The average minutes of lower PA at a week was higher in the urban group (p < 0,001); (iv) The aver- age minutes of lower PA at a week-end was higher in the urban group (p < 0,001); (v) no statistics significance be- tween groups was found in moderate PA and in vigorous PA. Conclusion: We conclude that the groups has a differ- ent profile of performance in PA with distinct intensities: Ur- ban perform better than rural when the PA is lower. There was no statistic significance wen the intensity is moderate or vigorous.
- Comparison between physical activity levels in rural and city elderly with MTI actigraphPublication . Monteiro, A.M.; Neves, Carlos; Baptista, Rafael; Mota, Paula; Carvalho, JoanaThe quantification of physical activity in the elderly has been assuming a relevant role in the attempts to minimize and control problems related to functional decline and sedentary habits. The physical activity (PA) recommendation of accumulating 30 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is necessary to promote optimal health benefit. Since the pattern of physical activity is usu- ally different between urban citizens and the rural workers throughout live, it is important to assess how different it re- mains after retirement. Research into daily PA patterns of older adults (8805;65 years) has primarily relied on self- report. This study used accelerometers, an objective measure of minute-by-minute movement, to assess PA volume and intensity performed by older adults in different regions. The main aim of this study is, therefore, to analyse the pattern of PA performed by the elderly from rural communities and by the elderly from urban communities in their daily routine, and to compare it with the recommendations pre-established by literature on the subject. Methods: The sample was divided into two different groups aged between 66-91 yr (average age=77,52±6,5 years old), 33 of then constitute the rural group (RG) and the remained 42 be- long to the city one (CG). The Physical activity levels were directly measured for seven consecutive days using a MTI Actigraph accelerometer model 7164. The assessment of the level of physical activity performed by each individual has been carried out using the values suggested by Freed- son et al. (1998). The habitual physical activity performed by the groups has been monitored and registered through out a complete week, being, thus, obtained the results of their activity performed both on week days and weekend. The statistical procedures were the Descriptive Statistics (mean, standard deviation and frequency distribution) and a Student t-test was used to compare groups (rural, urban) on the physical activity (PA) performances. Results: The results provided are: (i) The mean PA at a week by hour was higher in the rural group (p < 0,001); (ii) Total mean of PA at a week by hour was higher in the rural group (p < 0,01); (iii) The average minutes of lower PA at a week was higher in the urban group (p < 0,001); (iv) The average minutes of lower PA at a week-end was higher in the urban group (p < 0,001); (v) no statistics significance between groups was found in moderate PA and in vigorous PA. Conclusion: We conclude that the groups has a different profile of performance in PA with distinct intensities: Urban perform better than rural when the PA is lower. There was no statistic significance wen the intensity is moderate or vigorous.
- Os efeitos da atividade física diária na aptidão funcional, força e composição corporal de idosas da comunidade de BragançaPublication . Monteiro, A.M.; Carvalho, JoanaAvaliar a contribuição relativa da atividade física (AF) diária objetivamente estimada, na aptidão funcional, força isocinética e composição corporal de idosas da comunidade de Bragança.