Browsing by Author "Andrade, Maria"
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- Isolation and phylogenetic analysis of two actin genes from Phytophthora cinnamomiPublication . Jorge, Lurdes; Dias, Teresa; Andrade, Maria; Vaz, Madalena; Dominguez, Ángel; Choupina, AltinoActins, as the essential component of cellular microfilament, are ubiquitous and highly conserved proteins that play key roles in several basic functions of organism such as cytoskeleton morphology, cell division, cell motility, cellular signal transduction, cellular interaction and organelle movements, as well as locomotion, phagocytosis, endocytosis and exocytosis . Actins are highly conserved structural proteins, found in all eukaryotes. So, actin gene sequences are used as tools in scientific research, for example, for phylogenetic analysis. Actin in Phytophthora infestans is encoded by at least two genes, in contrast to unicellular and filamentous fungi (Candida albicans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Kluyveromyces lactis and Filobasidiella neoformans) where there is a single gene. These genes (designated actA and actB) have been isolated from a genomic library of P. infestans. Phytophthora cinnamomi is a host-nonspecific, soilborne, pathogen of many plant species. In Portugal it is most important as a pathogen of chestnut trees. The purpose of this study was to clone and determine the phylogenetic retionships evidencided by Phytophthora cinnamomi actins. In order to isolate the actin genes, P. cinnamomi was grown in cellophane-PDA medium and genomic DNA was used as a template in PCR amplification reactions combining degenerate primers Act1, Act2, Act3 and Act4. PCR fragments were purified, cloned into pGEM-T vector and transformants were selected. Complete open reading frames (ORFs) of act1 and act2 genes were achieved by HE-TAIL PCR, and submitted to EMBL databases (Accession numbers AM412175.1 and AM412176.1). Act1 has an 1128bp ORF, encoding a deduced protein of 375aa and 41,972kDa. Act2 ORF has 1083bp and encodes a deduced protein of 360aa and 40,237kDa. Deduced amino acid sequences were analyzed using FASTA programs from EMBL databases. Act1 showed a 98.9% identity with P. melonis actB, 94.4% with P. megasperma actin and 96.0% with P. infestans actin2. Act2 showed a 98.9% identity with Pythium splendens actin and 98.6% with P. brassicae actinA.
- Isolation and phylogenetic analysis of two actin genes from Phytophthora cinnamomiPublication . Jorge, Lurdes; Dias, Teresa; Andrade, Maria; Vaz, Madalena; Dominguez, Ángel; Choupina, AltinoActins, as the essential component of cellular microfilament, are ubiquitous and highly conserved proteins that play key roles in several basic functions of organism such as cytoskeleton morphology, cell division, cell motility, cellular signal transduction, cellular interaction and organelle movements, as well as locomotion, phagocytosis, endocytosis and exocytosis . Actins are highly conserved structural proteins, found in all eukaryotes. So, actin gene sequences are used as tools in scientific research, for example, for phylogenetic analysis. Actin in Phytophthora infestans is encoded by at least two genes, in contrast to unicellular and filamentous fungi (Candida albicans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Kluyveromyces lactis and Filobasidiella neoformans) where there is a single gene. These genes (designated actA and actB) have been isolated from a genomic library of P. infestans. Phytophthora cinnamomi is a host-nonspecific, soilborne, pathogen of many plant species. In Portugal it is most important as a pathogen of chestnut trees. The purpose of this study was to clone and determine the phylogenetic retionships evidencided by Phytophthora cinnamomi actins. In order to isolate the actin genes, P. cinnamomi was grown in cellophane-PDA medium and genomic DNA was used as a template in PCR amplification reactions combining degenerate primers Act1, Act2, Act3 and Act4. PCR fragments were purified, cloned into pGEM-T vector and transformants were selected. Complete open reading frames (ORFs) of act1 and act2 genes were achieved by HE-TAIL PCR, and submitted to EMBL databases (Accession numbers AM412175.1 and AM412176.1). Act1 has an 1128bp ORF, encoding a deduced protein of 375aa and 41,972kDa. Act2 ORF has 1083bp and encodes a deduced protein of 360aa and 40,237kDa. Deduced amino acid sequences were analyzed using FASTA programs from EMBL databases. Act1 showed a 98.9% identity with P. melonis actB, 94.4% with P. megasperma actin and 96.0% with P. infestans actin2. Act2 showed a 98.9% identity with Pythium splendens actin and 98.6% with P. brassicae actinA.
- Isolation and sequence analysis of alfa-tubulin gene from Phytophora cinnamomiPublication . Dias, Teresa; Andrade, Maria; Jorge, Lurdes; Vaz, Madalena; Martins, Fátima; Dominguez, Ángel; Choupina, AltinoPhytophthora diseases cause widespread economic and environmental losses worldwide. Thousands of plant species are susceptible. In Portugal, Phytophthora cinnamomi is responsible for chestnut ink disease. Despite the differences there are a number of key steps common to most infection strategies, including adhesion to the plant surface, plant penetration through the secretion of a diverse range of cell wall-degrading enzymes and hyphal growth. The cell cytoskeleton plays a critical role in these processes. Microtubules are a major constituent of the cell cytoskeleton. They participate in a wide range of cellular functions, such as motility, division, maintenance of cell shape, and intracellular transport. However, microtubule role is variable depending on the organism, cell type and other factors. Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules and is composed of a heterodimer of two closely related proteins, alpha and beta tubulin. In S. cerevisiae cells, the essential TUB1 gene is the major gene, while the nonessential gene TUB3 is a minor gene, encoding α-tubulin. The β-tubulin subunit is encoded by the TUB2 gene. In Magnaporthe grisea both α-and β-tubulins are found as single-copy genes. The Oomycetes are, however, phylogenetically quite distinct from the fungi. Analysis of structural, biochemical and molecular characteristics have led to the Oomycetes being grouped with the chromophyte algae. In order to elucidated the role of cytoskeleton in pathogenicity mechanisms of Phytophthora cinnamomi, was cloned a gene encoding alpha-tubulin from P. cinnamomi. To isolated this gene, the existing Tub1 nucleotide sequences were retrieved from the NCBI GenBank (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank). These sequences were aligned in Clustal and degenerate primers Tub1 and Tub2 were designed. A 1200bp fragment was generated from genomic DNA by PCR and subsequently cloned into pGEM-T vector. To complete the open reading frame it was used the HE-TAIL PCR. The complete ORF was sequenced and submitted in EMBL databases (Accession number AM412177.1). Based on the computational analysis through BioEdit software, TUB1 has a 1362 bp ORF and encodes a 453 a.a protein with a molecular weight of 49,911kDa. Phylogenetic analysis of deduced amino acid sequence using FASTA programs from EMBL databases revealed that Tub1 revealed 99.6% identity with alpha-tubulin of P. infestans T30.4 and 98.9% identity with P. capsici, but only 68,1 % with alpha-tubulin of S. cerevisiae.
- Isolation and sequence analysis of alfa-tubulin gene from Phytophora cinnamomiPublication . Dias, Teresa; Andrade, Maria; Jorge, Lurdes; Vaz, Madalena; Martins, Fátima; Dominguez, Ángel; Choupina, AltinoPhytophthora diseases cause widespread economic and environmental losses worldwide. Thousands of plant species are susceptible. In Portugal, Phytophthora cinnamomi is responsible for chestnut ink disease. Despite the differences there are a number of key steps common to most infection strategies, including adhesion to the plant surface, plant penetration through the secretion of a diverse range of cell wall-degrading enzymes and hyphal growth. The cell cytoskeleton plays a critical role in these processes. Microtubules are a major constituent of the cell cytoskeleton. They participate in a wide range of cellular functions, such as motility, division, maintenance of cell shape, and intracellular transport. However, microtubule role is variable depending on the organism, cell type and other factors. Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules and is composed of a heterodimer of two closely related proteins, alpha and beta tubulin. In S. cerevisiae cells, the essential TUB1 gene is the major gene, while the nonessential gene TUB3 is a minor gene, encoding α-tubulin. The β-tubulin subunit is encoded by the TUB2 gene. In Magnaporthe grisea both α-and β-tubulins are found as single-copy genes. The Oomycetes are, however, phylogenetically quite distinct from the fungi. Analysis of structural, biochemical and molecular characteristics have led to the Oomycetes being grouped with the chromophyte algae. In order to elucidated the role of cytoskeleton in pathogenicity mechanisms of Phytophthora cinnamomi, was cloned a gene encoding alpha-tubulin from P. cinnamomi. To isolated this gene, the existing Tub1 nucleotide sequences were retrieved from the NCBI GenBank (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank). These sequences were aligned in Clustal and degenerate primers Tub1 and Tub2 were designed. A 1200bp fragment was generated from genomic DNA by PCR and subsequently cloned into pGEM-T vector. To complete the open reading frame it was used the HE-TAIL PCR. The complete ORF was sequenced and submitted in EMBL databases (Accession number AM412177.1). Based on the computational analysis through BioEdit software, TUB1 has a 1362 bp ORF and encodes a 453 a.a protein with a molecular weight of 49,911kDa. Phylogenetic analysis of deduced amino acid sequence using FASTA programs from EMBL databases revealed that Tub1 revealed 99.6% identity with alpha-tubulin of P. infestans T30.4 and 98.9% identity with P. capsici, but only 68,1 % with alpha-tubulin of S. cerevisiae. Key Words: Phytophthora cinnamomi; Ink disease; Alpha-tubulin; microtubules Acknowledgements: The Project COMBATINTA/SP2.P11/02 Interreg IIIA – Cross-Border Cooperation Spain-Portugal, financed by The European Regional Development Fund, and the Project “Identification, characterization and role of molecular factors associated with the mechanisms of infection of Fagaceae species by Phytophthora cinnamomi” (PTDC/AGR-AAM/67628/2006) FCT, supported this work.