Pires, FláviaAhmad, BilalMoreira, António Paulo G. M.Leitão, Paulo2023-02-152023-02-152021Pires, Flavia; Ahmad, Bilal; Moreira, Antonio Paulo; Leitão, Paulo (2021). In 4th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems (ICPS). Virtual, Online. p. 309 - 314http://hdl.handle.net/10198/26960The manufacturing sector is one of the largest energy consumers in the industrial world, being the energy consumption by the shop-floor equipment, e.g., robots, machines and AGVs (Autonomous Guided Vehicles), a major issue. The combination of energy-efficient technologies with intelligent and digital technologies can reduce energy consumption. The application of the digital twin concept in the energy efficiency field is a promising research topic, taking advantage of the Industry 4.0 technological developments. This paper presents a digital twin architecture for energy optimisation in manufacturing systems, particularly based on a what-if simulation model. The applicability of the proposed what-if simulation model within the digital twin is presented to promote the efficient energy management of AGVs in a battery pack assembly line case study.engDigital twinWhat-if simulationEnergy efficiencyconference paper10.1109/ICPS49255.2021.9468224