Piloto, Paulo A.G.Lorenzo, ManuelGavilán, Ana B.Sánchez-Haro, Javier2026-03-302026-03-302025Piloto, Paulo A.G.; Lorenzo, Manuel; Gavilán, Ana B.; Sánchez-Haro, Javier (2025). Numerical simulation of the fire protection effect and load level on GLT timber columns. In 8th International Conference on Integrity-Reliability-Failure. In Engineering, Materials, Manufacturing and Biomechanics. Porto. p. 337-338. SBN:978-972-752-323-8. DOI: 10.24840/978-972-752-323-8978-972-752-323-8http://hdl.handle.net/10198/36385The next generation of the Eurocode EN 1995-1-2 modifies the Effective Cross-Section Method (ECSM), where an adequate char depth reduces the initial timber cross-section. This char depth is based on the notional char layer (European Charring Model-ECM) and a zero-strength layer to compensate for the loss of strength and stiffness of heated but uncharred wood. The remaining effective cross-section has wood's strength and stiffness properties at room temperature and may be used to determine the load-bearing capacity. This investigation deals with gypsum-protected Glue Laminated Timber (GLT) columns under fire. The finite element method is also used to determine the fire resistance time based on a geometrical and material nonlinear analysis (GMNIA). Doubling the number of protection layers, from 12.5 mm thick to 25 mm thick, the fire resistance increases by an amount of 72% to 100% when the load level changes from 6% to 36%, with respect to load bearing at room temperature.engFireGlue Laminated TimberGypsum protectioncolumnsload levelconference paper