Lum, DannyBarbosa, Tiago M.2019-11-272019-11-272019Lum, Danny; Barbosa, Tiago M. (2019). Effects of strength training on olympic time-based sport performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. ISSN 1555-0273. 14:10, p. 1318-13301555-0273http://hdl.handle.net/10198/19859To evaluate the effect of strength training on Olympic time-based sports (OTBS) time-trial performance and provide an estimate of the impact of type of strength training, age, training status, and training duration on OTBS time-trial performance. Methods: A search on 3 electronic databases was conducted. The analysis comprised 32 effects in 28 studies. Posttest time-trial performance of intervention and control group from each study was used to estimate the standardized magnitude of impact of strength training on OTBS time-trial performance. Results: Strength training had a moderate positive effect on OTBS time-trial performance (effect size = 0.59, P < .01). Subgroup meta-analysis showed that heavy weight training (effect size = 0.30, P = .01) produced a significant effect, whereas other modes did not induce significant effects. Training status as factorial covariate was significant for well-trained athletes (effect size = 0.62, P = .04), but not for other training levels. Meta-regression analysis yielded nonsignificant relationship with age of the participants recruited (β = −0.04; 95% confidence interval, −0.08 to 0.004; P = .07) and training duration (β = −0.05; 95% confidence interval, −0.11 to 0.02; P = .15) as continuous covariates. Conclusion: Heavy weight training is an effective method for improving OTBS time--trial performance. Strength training has greatest impact on well-trained athletes regardless of age and training duration.engRunningCyclingSwimmingRowingResistance trainingjournal article10.1123/ijspp.2019-0329