Leitão, PauloKarnouskos, Stamatis2018-02-192018-03-282018-01-192018-03-282015Leitão, Paulo; Karnouskos, Stamatis (2015). Industrial agents in the era of service-oriented architectures and cloudbased industrial infrastructures. In Industrial Agents: Emerging Applications of Software Agents in Industry. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Chapter 4. p. 1-455. ISBN 978-0-12-800341-1978-0-12-800341-1http://hdl.handle.net/10198/15470The umbrella paradigm underpinning novel collaborative industrial systems is to consider the set of intelligent system units as a conglomerate of distributed, autonomous, intelligent, proactive, fault-tolerant, and reusable units, which operate as a set of cooperating entities (Colombo and Karnouskos, 2009). These entities are forming an evolvable infrastructure, entering and/or going out (plug-in/plugout) in an asynchronous manner. Moreover, these entities, having each of them their own functionalities, data, and associated information are now connected and able to interact. They are capable of working in a proactive manner, initiating collaborative actions and dynamically interacting with each other in order to achieve both local and global objectives.engbook part10.1016/B978-0-12-800341-1.00004-8