Rocha, Pedro EmanuelAlves, Maria JoséFidalgo, CátiaCorreia, DanielaPedrosa, SilviaMadureira, Ana Raquel2025-05-122025-05-122025Rocha, Pedro Emanuel; Alves, Maria José; Fidalgo, Cátia; Correia, Daniela; Pedrosa, Silvia; Madureira, Ana Raquel (2025). Usage of thermal spring water for optimal skin health: bridging traditional therapy with modern dermatology. Archives of Dermatological Research. ISSN 0340-3696. 317:1, p. 1-21432-069Xhttp://hdl.handle.net/10198/34467Thermal spring waters (TSW) have been employed forntherapeutic purposes across the centuries being increasingly recognized for its unique benefits in skin health, in which immunomodulatory effects play a crucial role. By reviewing the literature, the multifaceted properties of TSW, which arise from its diverse mineral composition as well as its thermal characteristics, revealed the strong potential of these waters to aid in managing various chronic skin disorders, holding also a significant promise in cosmeceutical formulation.engSkin healthImmunomodulatoryAnti-inflammatorySkin barrier reinforcementCosmetic potentialletter10.1007/s00403-025-04189-9