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- Environmental Drivers of Nightversus Day Zooplankton Populationestimates In Lakes Around the WorldPublication . Goldfarb, Sadye K.; Doubek, Jonathan; Geraldes, Ana Maria; Armengol, Xavier; Avilés-Vargas, Lidia; Bartrons, Mireia; Bartrons, Mireia; Kankılıç, Gökben Başaran; Berger, Stella; Bess, Zach; Brentrup, Jannifer; Brucet, Sandra; Bruesewitz, Denise; Calderó-Pascual, Maria; Carey, Cayelan C.; Chandra, Sudeep; Chapina, Rosaura; Eyto, Elvira de; Erdoğan, Şeyda; Erina, Oxana; Figary, Stephanie; Gerrish, Gretchen; Glass, Lucas; Brett, Johnson; Kainz, Martin; Kalingali, Anthony; Khan, Samiullah; Kimirei, Ismael; Leoni, Barbara; Lepori, Fabio; McCarthy, Valerie; Nava, Veronica; Nejstgaard, Jens; Ogorelec, Ziga; O'Reilly, Catherine; Pate, William; Paterson, Michael; Pinheiro-Silva, Lorena; Qiu, Qianlinglin; Richardson, David; Rusak, James A.; Silver, Douglas; Straile, Dietmar; Suenaga, Erin; Tartarotti, Barbara; Tavşanoğlu, Ülkü Nihan; Tereshina, Maria; Umaña-Villalobos, Gerardo; Walles, Tim; Wander, Heather; Wurtsbaugh, Wayne; Xu, Yaoyang; Zhikharev, Vyacheslav; Stockwell, JasonZooplankton play vital roles in aquatic food webs by grazingon phytoplankton, which affects water quality, andtransferring energy to higher trophic levels. In freshwaterlakes, zooplankton commonly exhibit diel vertical andhorizontal migration. During the day, zooplankton descendto deeper waters, or seek refuge in littoral areas or thesediment-water interface, to avoid visual predators, andthen migrate to open water at night to feed. Consequently,zooplankton may exhibit higher density and biomass atnight versus the day, and estimates and perceptions ofzooplankton dynamics can change with the time of daysampling occurs. To better understand these dielzooplankton differences and their environmental drivers, weconducted a standardized global campaign to samplecrustacean zooplankton in the full water column at day andnight in the pelagic zone of 40 lakes. The lakes spanned agradient in trophic state, size, and other variables such asdissolved oxygen (DO). Mesotrophic and eutrophic lakesexhibited greater zooplankton biomass at night versus daywhile oligotrophic lakes did not. Crustacean zooplanktonhad higher biomass at night versus day in lakes at lowerelevation, with higher chlorophyll a concentration, and lowerhypolimnetic DO levels. Lake area and depth were notrelated to diel zooplankton density or biomass. We provideone of the first global, standardized studies onenvironmental drivers of day versus night zooplanktonpopulation estimates. This study has importantramifications for our understanding of zooplankton ecologyand for sampling regimens.
- Valorization of oliviculture residues for the removal of estrogens from waterPublication . Milani, Eduardo C.; Manezes, Maraísa L.; Díaz de Tuesta, Jose Luis; Queiroz, Ana; Ribeiro, António E.; Brito, PauloEstrogens belong to the class of water micropollutants named as endocrine disrupting chemicals and are considered persistent substances in the environment. Estrogens are a type of hormones that are continuously released to environment presenting several undesirable effects on aquatic species and human health even when present at very low concentrations (trace levels). Additionally, it is known that traditional sewage and drinking water treatment plants are not able to remove or degrade these compounds and additional treatments are required . Currently, there is an effort to produce bio-based adsorbents that are able to remove efficiently a wide range of micropollutants from water. With the present work we will present an extensive set of experimental results that presents the valorization of olive stones residues to prepare activated carbons to be used as adsorbent for the removal of estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) by adsorption from water. Five different adsorbents were produced, namely powdered olive stone (OS), physical activated at 800°C (CF), carbonized at 500°C (CC), chemical activated using phosphoric acid (CA) and chemical activated with sodium hydroxide (CB). The carbonization yield was calculated and the pH at point of zero charge (pHPZC), BET surface area (SBET) of the carbonaceous materials were determined. The simultaneous removal of the three estrogens (E1, E2 and EE2) from water was evaluated for all the five prepared adsorbents. For the adsorbent with the best removal performance, a kinetic study was also carried out. The obtained results show that olive stones exhibit potential for the production of ACs with high surfaces used to remove estrogens from water.
- Removal of estrogens from water using activated carbon adsorbent materials prepared from olive stonesPublication . Milani, Eduardo C.; Menezes, Maraísa L.; Díaz de Tuesta, Jose Luis; Ribeiro, António E.; Brito, Paulo; Queiroz, AnaEstrogens are a type of hormones that are continuously released to environment presenting several undesirable effects on aquatic species and human health even when present at very low concentrations. With the present work we will present an extensive set of experimental results that presents the valorization of olive stones residues to prepare activated carbons to be used as adsorbent for the removal of estrogens by adsorption from water. Five different adsorbents were produced and characterized. The carbonization yield, the pH at point of zero charge, BET surface area of the carbonaceous materials were measured. Additionally, FTIR analysis was also performed. The simultaneous removal of the three estrogens from water was evaluated for all five prepared adsorbents. For the adsorbent with the best removal performance, a kinetic study was carried out. The obtained results show that olive stones exhibit potential for the production of activated carbons with high surface area used to remove estrogens from water.
- Influence of [emim][Tf2N] in PES/SAPO-34 mixed matrix membranes for gas separationPublication . Cardoso, Jonathan; Lin, Zhi; Brito, Paulo; Gando-Ferreira, Licínio M.Mixed matrix membranes (MMM) are heavily studied and the main concern by researchers is the difficulty to obtain a high selectivity membrane with low defects, mainly interfacial voids due to the poor interaction between polymer matrix and filler. The functionalization of zeolite surface in Poly-EtherSulphone (PES)/Silico-AluminoPhosphate-34 (SAPO- 34) led to membranes with higher compatibility. Recently, the use of ionic liquids in the particles surface to improve the gas permeability and separation efficiency has presented advanced results. The aim of this work is to compare the separation efficiency of CO2 and N2 in permeance and selectivity criteria. The use of the ionic liquid (IL) [emim][Tf2N] showed an increase in selectivity and in CO2 permeance due to promoting a better separation of the dispersant in the polymeric matrix when compared to a film with the same composition without the IL treatment.
- Remoção de herbicidas usando carvão ativado produzido a partir de caroço de azeitonaPublication . Pinheiro, Maísa Saldanha; Pereira Junior, Tairone Cesar da Silva; Menezes, Maraísa L.; Queiroz, Ana; Ribeiro, António E.; Brito, PauloOs pesticidas são compostos sintéticos ou biológicos utilizados no controlo de pragas na agricultura. Os herbicidas são uma importante classe de pesticidas, sendo responsáveis por inibir o desenvolvimento de ervas daninhas nocivas, sendo de extrema importância na manutenção sanitária de diferentes culturas agrícolas. O alacloro, o metolacloro e a terbutilazina encontram-se entre os herbicidas mais usados em todo o território nacional, mais especificamente na região do Nordeste e do Alto Trás-os-Montes . O crescente uso de herbicidas tem como consequência, entre outros, a contaminação indesejada de corpos hídricos, como rios, estações de tratamento ou outros ambientes aquáticos. Diferentes estudos já publicados, demonstraram que a concentração dos herbicidas referidos, excedia, em determinado momento, o limite máximo permitido pela legislação Europeia. Em estudos recentes, desenvolvidos dentro do nosso grupo de trabalho, otimizaram-se as metodologias analíticas necessárias para a deteção e quantificação destes pesticidas em matrizes aquosas. No presente trabalho apresentam-se alguns resultados experimentais obtidos no desenvolvimento de um carvão ativado obtido de caroço de azeitona, um resíduo da olivicultura, para a remoção por adsorção de diferentes herbicidas. Os estudos agora desenvolvidos envolvem a preparação, ativação e caracterização do adsorvente assim como alguns resultados de equilíbrio de adsorção e de cinética de adsorção.
- Removal of pesticides from water using activated carbon obtained from olive pitPublication . Pereira Junior, Tairone Cesar da Silva; Pinheiro, Maísa Saldanha; Rohde, Christhiane; Queiroz, Ana; Brito, Paulo; Ribeiro, António E.Currently, there is rampant population growth that requires a proportional increase in food production. In this context, the use of pesticides to improve agricultural productivity stands out. The global annual consumption is about 2 million tons; for example, in Portugal alone in 2020, 9.7 thousand tons were used to combat weeds, pests, pathogens, and other undesirable organisms . This excessive use of pesticides has many environmental impacts, such as soil and water pollution, the selection of resistant organisms, the need for increased concentrations and/or application frequency, as well as the substitution with more toxic products. It also affects non-target organisms and human health. An alternative to reduce contamination at the source and related environmental impacts of pesticides is sustainable agricultural crop management. There are also sustainable remediation methods that can be applied and seek to use active ingredients from natural and recycled sources. In this work, we aim to use the olive pit as a precursor for the production of an adsorbent charcoal for the removal of pesticides such as acetochlor, heptachlor, and dimethoate from aquatic bodies [2]. Based on effective results in removing pharmaceuticals from aqueous effluents and purifying biodiesel with the same material, it was decided to produce charcoal using both physical and chemical activation methods to optimize a removal process, which may include pesticides . Charcoal was produced with acid activation by impregnating it with orthophosphoric acid (H3PO4) for 24 hours at 25ºC on a mechanical stirrer at 160 rpm. It was then filtered through a porous filter using a vacuum pump and dried in an oven at 110ºC. It was carbonized in a muffle furnace at 500ºC for 1.5 hours and then washed with distilled water until reaching a pH between 6 and 7. The same process was applied to basic activation using potassium hydroxide (KOH). Physical activation was done directly in a muffle furnace at 800ºC, then by washing until reaching a pH between 6 and 7 [. Table 1 provides some data related to the charcoal preparation conditions. One of the objectives of this work is to achieve the highest efficiency in removing pesticides from water using the activated charcoal obtained from olive pit. The expected results involve charcoal that can retain the highest amount of the studied pesticides on its surface area.
- Production of biodiesel from waste cooking oils and its purification using adsorption techniques with natural adsorbentsPublication . Fabian, João Vitor; Guimarães, Miriam D.; Smolich, Camilla Groxko; Pokriwiecki, Ticiane S.; Queiroz, Ana; Ribeiro, António E.; Brito, PauloThe world's energy demands are steadily increasing each year, promoting the exploration of cleaner and more sustainable alternatives to classical fossil sources. In this context, biodiesel emerges as a promising candidate for replacing fossil diesel, making a significant contribution to carbon emissions reduction. One notable advantage lies in the ability to utilize waste cooking oils (WCO) as a feedstock for biodiesel production. This practice not only mitigates waste but also transforms a previously underutilized resource into a valuable source of renewable energy, thereby promoting sustainability and energy efficiency. Currently, 95% of biodiesel production relies on first-hand feedstock due to its high conversion into fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) or fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) . However, this study introduces the utilization of Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) as a greener approach to biodiesel production. Biodiesel production can be achieved through alkaline catalyzed transesterification, with the aim of meeting the standards specified by EN 14214 at the end of its production process. Therefore, crude biodiesel obtained from the transesterification step needs to undergo glycerol purification in order to comply with the norm specification of a maximum free glycerin content of 0.02% (w/w). Hence, the present study seeks to produce and characterize activated carbons derived from walnut shells, and evaluate its use in the removal of glycerol from crude ethanolic biodiesel produced from WCO, a possible alternative to the traditional wet washing process, which results in the loss of between 0.2L to 10L of water per liter of biodiesel produced . In this work, titration in triplicate was employed to determine the acid value of the oil, quantified as mg KOH/g of the sample, yielding a result of 0.8355±0.0274. This provided a preliminary assessment for the determination of the necessary alkaline catalyst percentage which would mitigate parallel saponification during the transesterification process. The reaction tests, executed in duplicate, included varying catalyst proportions of 0.5%, 0.6%, and 0.7% (w/w) relative to the processed oil. Gas chromatography (GC) was employed for the characterization of the produced biodiesel, revealing that a 0.5% (w/w) catalyst load was the optimal choice, providing a consistent average yield of 89.52% in FAEEs. Biodiesel production is currently conducted via the ethanol route with 1:7.5 oil/ethanol molar ratio, considering an excess in relation to the stoichiometric molar ratio 1:3. The research is also focused on the production of activated carbon materials, involving both chemical and physical activation techniques. Chemical activations will encompass the utilization of bases (KOH), acids (H3PO4), constituting a pivotal phase in enhancing the overall efficiency and sustainability of the biodiesel production process.
- Estrogen removal through adsorption on carbon materials prepared from biomass wastes: A reviewPublication . Exposto, Bruno Marques; Queiroz, Ana; Brito, Paulo; Ribeiro, António E.Due to the rapid urbanization and industrialization of our world, inadequate waste disposal into land and aqueous matrices has been a deepening environmental and health concern. Substances such as pharmaceuticals, heavy metals, pesticides, surfactants, and petroleum derivatives can be classified as emerging pollutants, thanks to their ever-growing presence and accumulation in the biosphere, especially inwater bodies and even in our domestic drinking water1. Many of these emerging pollutants can also be classified as micropollutants, since they can harm living beings in very low concentrations, in the magnitude of micrograms per liter(ug/L) or nanograms per liter(ng/L)2.
- Purification of biodiesel produced from used cooking oil using natural-origin adsorbentsPublication . Guimarães, Miriam D.; Smolich, Camilla Groxko; Fabian, João Vitor; De Prá, Marina Celant; Queiroz, Ana; Brito, PauloBiodiesel is a biofuel with significant potential to replace conventional diesel. It is obtained through a transesterification reaction between oil and alcohol, in the presence of a catalyst. At the end of this reaction, a decantation process is carried out, forming two phases: the upper phase, which is biodiesel, and the lower phase, which is rich in glycerol. Before being used, biodiesel must undergo a purification process to remove glycerin residues and other contaminants . This purification step plays a crucial role in the biodiesel production chain. Among the most common processes are water washing, the use of ion exchange resins, and adsorbents. The use of adsorbents in biodiesel purification eliminates the need for water, thereby avoiding the generation of effluents, and the adsorbents can be reused. Adsorbents function to remove contaminants, such as water, soap, and traces of glycerin, based on their chemical polarities and acidic and basic properties . The use of commercial adsorbents has a significant economic impact due to the increased production costs and environmental concerns regarding their final disposal when saturated. One solution to this problem is the use of natural adsorbents, which are biodegradable and often derived from agro-industrial waste, such as wood, water hyacinth, food, coconut fiber, pecan nutshells, among others. The use of natural adsorbents can occur in two ways: in their natural state or through the production of activated carbon materials which contain a variety of compounds, with carbon as its main constituent. Although it does not have a specific morphology, it has a high surface area and porosity. It is a widely used adsorbent due to its effectiveness in removing contaminants. Furthermore, it can be easily produced in large quantities from various agricultural by-products, making it a sustainable and economically viable option . This work aims to investigate the production and characterization of natural based adsorbent materials, both in their natural form and as activated carbons, and their subsequent use for the purification of crude ethanolic biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil. The materials’ precursors were: almond shells, walnut shells, rice husks, olive pits, and powdered cork. The characterization tests conducted include moisture content determination, ash content, pH, bulk density, cellulose content, hemicellulose, and lignin content determination, particle size analysis, specific surface area measurement, determination of the zero point of charge, identification of basic and acidic groups, determination of chemical groups, and thermogravimetric analysis. Subsequently, adsorption performance tests will be carried out.
- Global-scale compilation of freshwater zooplankton: tiny sentinels of environmental changesPublication . Figary, Stephanie; Meyer, Michael; Pilla, Rachel; Warren Currie; Aborigho, Adebukola Abiodun; Alcocer, Javier; Alfonso, María B.; Anneville, Orlane; Geraldes, Ana Maria; Balkić, Anita Galir; Ban, Syuhei; Banerjee, Arnab; Berger, Stella; Bernát, Gábor; Beyer, Jessica; Bhattacharya, Ruchi; Blank, Kätlin; Bruel, Rosalie; Burnet, Sarah; Butts, Tyler; Carey, Cayelan C.; Caroni, Rossana; Chakrabarty, Moitreyee; Chen, Huihuang; Christoffersen, Kirsten Seestern; Cortés, Alicia; Crispim, Maria Cristina; Eyto, Elvira de; Cardoso, L.; Deemer, Bridget; DeGasperi, Curtis; DeMattei, Braden; Descy, Jean-Pierre; Dimante-Deimantovica, Inta; Diovisalvi, Nadia; Dondajewska-Pielka, Renata; Doubek, Jonathan; Dražina, Tvrtko; Dulic, Zorka; Dur, Gaël; Edwards, Christine; Ejsmont-Karabin, Jolanta; Ersoy, Zeynep; Fernández, Rocío; Feuchtmayr, Heidrun; Fontanarrosa, María Soledad; Tóth, László G; Gaiser, Evelyn; Gideon, Gal; Garcia de Souza, Javier R.; Ger, Kemal Ali; Scott, Girdner; Gołdyn, Ryszard; Grossart, Hans-Peter; Hambright, K. David; Hansson, Lars-Anders; Hendricks, Susan; Jacquet, Stéphan; Kainz, Martin; Karpowicz, Maciej; Khan, Sami; Kowalczewska-Madura, Katarzyna; Kuczyńska-Kippen, Natalia; Lepori, Fabio; Lin, Shuqi; Manca, Marina; Matsuzaki, Shin-Ichiro; McElarney, Yvonne; Menezes, Rosemberg; Michaloudi, Evangelia; Moe, Jannicke; Molina, Florencia Rojas; Mueller-Navarra, Doerthe; Muñoz-Colmenares, Manuel; Nejstgaard, Jens; Obertegger, Ulrike; Ortiz, David; Oseguera, Luis A.; Paterson, Michael; Piccolo, María Cintia; Pinheiro-Silva, Lorena; Piscia, Roberta; Pomati, Francesco;; Reid, Brian; Rose, Kevin; Rosińska, Joanna; Rudstam, Lars; Rusak, James A.; Rusanovskaya, Olga O.; Salmaso, Nico; Sarvala, Jouko; Schladow, S. Geoffrey; Schmidt, Anna; Scofield, Anne; Scordo, Facundo; Seda, Jaromír; Senft, Katie; Shimaraeva, S.V; Silow, Eugene; Špoljar, Maria; Straile, Dietmar; Stockwel, Jason; Swain, Hilary; Symons, Celia C.; Tanentzap, Andrew; Tartarotti, Barbara; Thackeray, Stephen; Timofeyev, Maxim; Verburg, Piet; Wade, John; Wander , Heather L; Watkins, James; White, David; Wollrab, Sabine; Yang, Jing; Zagarese, Horacio; Zagars, Matiss; Znachor, PetrZooplankton communities are the primary conduit of energy from phytoplankton to planktivorous fish in freshwater ecosystems and play key roles in the functioning of these systems. Therefore, they are often proposed as ecological indicators. However, most zooplankton research focuses on a single waterbody or region, and insights from such studies may not be transferable to other waterbodies. To address this knowledge gap, the Zooplankton as Indicators Group (ZIG) of the Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network (GLEON) assembled a zooplankton dataset that also includes physical and chemical lake characteristics. The dataset has a broad spatial and temporal coverage with data from over 290 waterbodies. Each waterbody includes 1 to 60 years of data, with >70% sampled at least monthly during the growing season (>31,000 sampling events represented). We are exploring the environmental drivers of zooplankton community composition and assessing zooplankton as ecological indicators using this new dataset. Further, we are investigating whether relationships between zooplankton metrics and environmental drivers differ among lake characteristics (e.g., deep vs shallow) or regions, including systems such as the Laurentian Great Lakes, mountain lakes, and tropical lakes. Understanding the linkages between zooplankton communities and environmental drivers is essential to forecasting the future state of freshwaters in a changing world and we expect the dataset to have extensive and versatile applications in examining zooplankton dynamics and ecosystem responses to environmental shifts.