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The optical techniques are a powerful tool on situations where either the physical contact or
invasive techniques for evaluation are not suitable. Vehicle environments constitute an
application field for the optical techniques and are the focus of this chapter. In order to
reinforce this kind of techniques, it must be clarified that the idea to manipulate the light backs
to the second century before our age, when Archimedes planned to destroy enemy ships using
a solar heat ray with an array of actuators to change the shape of a mirror (Bifano T., 2011).
Therefore, the field of photonics is the one that offers the possibility to achieve one of the
greatest realizations and applications because the light is present in all aspects of the human
life and our way of living is impossible without light (Carmo J. P. et al., 2012a). Optical
measurement systems are also suitable for harsh monitorization because they are non-contact
and full-field techniques. This is the case of Moiré Interferometry, which is used for many
optoelectronic applications as displacement measurements (Wronkowski L., 1995), evaluation
of microelectronics devices deformation (Xie H. et al., 2004), optical communications (Chen L.
et al., 2000), strain measurements with Fiber Bragg Grattings, FBGs, (Silva A. F. et al., 2011) and
spectrography (Kong S. H. et al., 2001). In this context, it must be noted that the recent nuclear
disaster in Fukushima, Japan, confirms the need of tighter security measures be done within
harsh environments (which includes the automobiles) in order to increase both the safety of
people and the reliability of vehicles’ parts.
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Carmo, João Paulo; Ribeiro, J.E. (2012). Optical techniques for defect evaluation in vehicles. In Carmo, João Paulo; Ribeiro, J.E. (eds.) New Advances in Vehicular Technology and Automotive Engineering. Intech. p.255-282. ISBN 978-953-51-0698-2