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O desenvolvimento tecnológico tem conduzido ao fabrico de equipamentos modernos para automatização da rega, com especial relevância para os sistemas de rega dos espaços verdes. Assim, torna-se bastante oportuno o desenvolvimento de metodologias para a determinação das necessidades de rega que permitam uma utilização mais eficiente desses equipamentos e uma melhor gestão da rega.
Neste trabalho faz-se uma estimativa das necessidades hídricas e de rega para oito hidrozonas dos espaços verdes da cidade de Mirandela. Com o objectivo de avaliar o desempenho dos sistemas de rega por aspersão, com o objectivo futuro de implementar sistemas de gestão da rega mais eficientes, foram realizados ainda ensaios de uniformidade de rega.
As necessidades hídricas dos espaços verdes foram estimadas a partir da evapotranspiração de referência (ETo) e do coeficiente de espaços verdes, parametrizado com base nas características dos espaços verdes seguindo as metodologias propostas por vários autores em estudos recentes. As necessidades de rega foram calculadas com base no balanço hídrico do solo, simulado utilizando o programa CropWat (v.8).
Os resultados mostram que o desempenho dos sistemas de rega é fraco, na maioria das hidrozonas estudadas. O valor médio da uniformidade de distribuição no quartil mínimo foi de 25,9 % e do coeficiente de uniformidade 43,9 %. Analisa-se o fraco desempenho dos sistemas de rega e sugerem-se medidas para a melhoria do seu desempenho intervindo ao nível da substituição de equipamentos e controlo de variáveis com influência no débito dos emissores.
As necessidades líquidas de rega entre as várias hidrozonas estudadas variam consideravelmente e reflectem as diferenças no tipo de vegetação, das características dos espaços e da sua envolvente.
The technological development is leading to the emergence of modern equipment for the automation of irrigation systems, with spectial relevance for landscape irrigation systems. Thus, the development of methodologies for irrigation requirements of landscape, that allowed an improvement of the utilization of those technologies and equipment and consequently to an improvement in irrigation management, is very timely and opportune. In this study, water requirements for landscape irrigation in Mirandela city landscape were estimated. In order to evaluate the sprinkler irrigation systems performance, with the purpose applying an efficient irrigation management program, uniformity experiments were also conducted The landscape water requirements were estimated with the combination of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) with the landscape coefficient (KL), parameterized from landscape characteristics following recent methodologies proposed by several authors in recent studies. The landscape Irrigation requirements were calculated based in soil water balance simulations using Cropwat (v.8) program. The results show a poor performance of irrigation systems in the majority of landscape hydrozones. The average value of low quarter uniformity distribution was just 25.9 % and uniformity coefficient 43.9 %. The poor performance is analyzed and measures to improve the irrigation performance are suggested such as equipment replacement and an efficient control of variables which influence the sprinkler flow. The total irrigation requirements variability of landscape hydrozones reflects the different type existing vegetation and the characteristics of the places and its environment.
The technological development is leading to the emergence of modern equipment for the automation of irrigation systems, with spectial relevance for landscape irrigation systems. Thus, the development of methodologies for irrigation requirements of landscape, that allowed an improvement of the utilization of those technologies and equipment and consequently to an improvement in irrigation management, is very timely and opportune. In this study, water requirements for landscape irrigation in Mirandela city landscape were estimated. In order to evaluate the sprinkler irrigation systems performance, with the purpose applying an efficient irrigation management program, uniformity experiments were also conducted The landscape water requirements were estimated with the combination of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) with the landscape coefficient (KL), parameterized from landscape characteristics following recent methodologies proposed by several authors in recent studies. The landscape Irrigation requirements were calculated based in soil water balance simulations using Cropwat (v.8) program. The results show a poor performance of irrigation systems in the majority of landscape hydrozones. The average value of low quarter uniformity distribution was just 25.9 % and uniformity coefficient 43.9 %. The poor performance is analyzed and measures to improve the irrigation performance are suggested such as equipment replacement and an efficient control of variables which influence the sprinkler flow. The total irrigation requirements variability of landscape hydrozones reflects the different type existing vegetation and the characteristics of the places and its environment.