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Abstract(s)
Trás-os-Montes, em particular o território do Parque Natural de Montesinho no distrito
de Bragança, caracteriza-se pela diversidade da flora e vegetação, bem patente nos
contrastes sazonais da paisagem natural, moldada pela atividade humana desde épocas
ancestrais e associada a uma agricultura familiar baseada na produção diversificada.
Vários estudos etnobotânicos realizados na região mostram que as plantas aromáticas e
medicinais (PAM) têm larga tradição e que os residentes em meios rurais detêm mais
conhecimentos sobre espécies, práticas e usos. O surgimento de novos contextos
socioeconómicos e a alteração dos costumes e estilos de vida rural e urbano
condicionam, por um lado, a transmissão de saberes e a manutenção de um rico
património cultural associado ao uso destas espécies, mas por outro, despertam em
certas camadas da população o interesse pela natureza e o ambiente e a procura de
novas experiências enquadradas em atividades de lazer.
Este trabalho desenvolve-se na interface da Etnobotânica, Agroecologia e Turismo de
Natureza tendo como objetivo principal a identificação de habitats, espécies relevantes,
saberes e práticas relacionados com o uso e a gestão desses recursos naturais e a
integração desta informação para promover atividades de educação ambiental.
Recorrendo a metodologias etnográficas realizou-se um levantamento de PAM e do
conhecimento tradicional (saberes e práticas) relacionado com o seu uso na freguesia do
Parâmio. No total foram mencionadas 42 espécies, pertencentes a 27 famílias botânicas.
As labiadas são a família com mais espécies referidas e a cidreira foi a espécie mais
citada. Com o intuito de avaliar também o grau de conhecimento da população sobre
este tema foram realizadas entrevistas formais na cidade de Bragança. Os resultados da
inquirição mostram que 93% dos informantes sabem o que são PAM e são capazes de
nomear pelo menos uma espécie. Contudo, apenas 67% reconhecem a planta no campo.
Reunindo toda a informação, identificaram-se habitats preferenciais de ocorrência,
selecionaram-se percursos pedestres e rotas de saberes que foram marcados sobre
imagens retiradas do Google Earth Pro e ensaiados durante atividades realizadas na
aldeia de Maçãs.
Trás-os-Montes, particularly the Parque Natural de Montesinho is a territory of Bragança district characterized by flora and vegetation diversity, well presented in seasonal contrasts of the natural landscape, shaped by the human activity for a long time ago and associated with peculiar farming systems. Several ethnobotanical studies in the region documented that aromatic and medicinal plants (MAP) have a large tradition and people in rural areas are knowledgeable about species, practices and uses. New socioeconomic contexts and changes in rural lifestyle have affected knowledge transmission and the maintenance of a rich cultural patrimony related to plant-use. Moreover, several publics have a new interest in nature and environment and are aware of new experiences related to recreational activities. This work was developed using Ethnobotanical, Agroecological and Nature Tourism interface, having as main objective to register relevant species, knowledge and related practices involving plant resources and to integrate all information to promote environmental educational activities. Using ethnographic methodologies, a study case in Parâmio was carried out to report and document traditional knowledge of MAP species, uses and habitats. The use reports about 42 species, belonging to 27 botanic families, reveal that Lamiaceae is the most important family and Melissa officinalis was the most cited species. Formal interviews were conducted in Bragança city to evaluate general public MAP knowledge. The results show that 93% of the informants can name at least one MAP species and they are able to describe some uses. However, only 67% knows the plant on the field. All data gathered were systematized in order to identify preferential agroecosystems and to selected footpaths and routes of knowledge which were marked in maps extracted from Google Earth and performed with a group of visitors in Maçãs village.
Trás-os-Montes, particularly the Parque Natural de Montesinho is a territory of Bragança district characterized by flora and vegetation diversity, well presented in seasonal contrasts of the natural landscape, shaped by the human activity for a long time ago and associated with peculiar farming systems. Several ethnobotanical studies in the region documented that aromatic and medicinal plants (MAP) have a large tradition and people in rural areas are knowledgeable about species, practices and uses. New socioeconomic contexts and changes in rural lifestyle have affected knowledge transmission and the maintenance of a rich cultural patrimony related to plant-use. Moreover, several publics have a new interest in nature and environment and are aware of new experiences related to recreational activities. This work was developed using Ethnobotanical, Agroecological and Nature Tourism interface, having as main objective to register relevant species, knowledge and related practices involving plant resources and to integrate all information to promote environmental educational activities. Using ethnographic methodologies, a study case in Parâmio was carried out to report and document traditional knowledge of MAP species, uses and habitats. The use reports about 42 species, belonging to 27 botanic families, reveal that Lamiaceae is the most important family and Melissa officinalis was the most cited species. Formal interviews were conducted in Bragança city to evaluate general public MAP knowledge. The results show that 93% of the informants can name at least one MAP species and they are able to describe some uses. However, only 67% knows the plant on the field. All data gathered were systematized in order to identify preferential agroecosystems and to selected footpaths and routes of knowledge which were marked in maps extracted from Google Earth and performed with a group of visitors in Maçãs village.
Description
Keywords
Conhecimento etnobotânico PAM Turismo de natureza Património biocultural