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Abstract(s)
El Salvador es un país cuya población está ligada al uso de los recursos naturales por razones de tradición y cultura, y también debido a situaciones sociales o económicas. Entre las plantas que regularmente consumen como alimento los salvadoreños están las hojas de “chipilín”, que en general corresponde a la especie Crotalaria longirostrata y el hongo “tenquique”, Pseudofistulina radicata. Ambas especies no han sido estudiadas suficientemente desde un punto de vista científico ni determinadas sus posibles propiedades como alimentos funcionales, bioactividades o identificación de principios activos. Por ello, se plantea en este trabajo la determinación; para cada especie, de su valor nutricional/valor energético y composición química (tocoferoles, azúcares libres, ácidos orgánicos, perfil de ácidos grasos y compuestos fenólicos); así como la evaluación de sus propiedades antioxidantes, antitumorales y antiinflamatorias; en sus formas de consumo local (decocciones), en extractos hidrometanólicos y en extractos de polaridad creciente.
C. longirostrata puede ser catalogado como un alimento funcional; ya que se ha demostrado que no solo es nutritivo; al tener un gran aporte de proteínas y fibra dietética y un bajo aporte calórico y de grasas; sino que también presenta moléculas bioactivas que generan beneficios a la salud, como el ácido α-linolénico, vitamina E, ácido cutárico y ácido quínico y, habiéndose determinado la actividad antioxidante y ausencia de citotoxicidad en la forma de consumo local (decocción). De igual manera P. radicata presenta similar valor nutricional que A.bisporus, uno de los hongos más consumidos y cultivados a nivel mundial. Su decocción presenta buena actividad antioxidante y antinflamatoria.
A partir de los extractos obtenidos con disolventes de polaridad creciente de ambas especies, se han identificado aquellos con potencial actividad antitumoral y antiinflamatoria y se ha iniciado su caracterización química.
Los resultados obtenidos dan soporte científico para el uso de ambas especies, por su gran aporte nutricional, las bioactividades y los compuestos de interés (nutricional y farmacológico) detectados en ambas, que pueden ampliar su uso a nivel medicinal (tradicional y moderno) y en la alimentación como ingredientes funcionales con beneficios para la salud en la prevención de enfermedades.
El Salvador is a country whose population is linked to the use of natural resources for reasons of tradition and culture, and also due to social or economic situations. Among the plants regularly consumed by salvadorians as food, there are the "chipilín" leaves, which generally correspond to the species Crotalaria longirostrata, and the mushroom "tenquique", Pseudofistulina radicata. Both species have not been studied sufficiently from a scientific point of view or determined their possible properties as functional foods, bioactivities or identification of active compounds. Therefore, in this work their nutritional value/energy contribution and chemical composition (tocopherols, free sugars, organic acids, fatty acids and phenolic compounds) were determined; as well as the evaluation of their antioxidant, antitumor and anti-inflammatory properties; in the forms of local consumption (decoctions), in hydromethanolic extracts and in extracts of increasing polarity. C. longirostrata can be classified as a functional food; since it has been shown that it is not only nutritious, with a great contribution of proteins and dietary fiber and a low caloric and fat content; but also having bioactive molecules that generate health benefits, such as α-linolenic acid, vitamin E, cutaric acid and quinic acid, and antioxidant activity and lack of cytotoxicity in the form of local consumption (decoction). Otherwise, P. radicata presents a similar nutritional value to A.bisporus, one of the most consumed and cultivated mushrooms worldwide. Its decoction presents good antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. From the extracts obtained with solvents of increasing polarity of the two species, those with potential antitumor and anti-inflammatory activity were identified and their chemical characterization was carrid out. The results obtained give scientific support for the use of both species, because of their great nutritional contribution, the bioactivities and the compounds of interest (nutritional and pharmacological) detected in both, that can extend their use in medicinal (traditional and modern) and in food as functional ingredients with health benefits in disease prevention.
El Salvador is a country whose population is linked to the use of natural resources for reasons of tradition and culture, and also due to social or economic situations. Among the plants regularly consumed by salvadorians as food, there are the "chipilín" leaves, which generally correspond to the species Crotalaria longirostrata, and the mushroom "tenquique", Pseudofistulina radicata. Both species have not been studied sufficiently from a scientific point of view or determined their possible properties as functional foods, bioactivities or identification of active compounds. Therefore, in this work their nutritional value/energy contribution and chemical composition (tocopherols, free sugars, organic acids, fatty acids and phenolic compounds) were determined; as well as the evaluation of their antioxidant, antitumor and anti-inflammatory properties; in the forms of local consumption (decoctions), in hydromethanolic extracts and in extracts of increasing polarity. C. longirostrata can be classified as a functional food; since it has been shown that it is not only nutritious, with a great contribution of proteins and dietary fiber and a low caloric and fat content; but also having bioactive molecules that generate health benefits, such as α-linolenic acid, vitamin E, cutaric acid and quinic acid, and antioxidant activity and lack of cytotoxicity in the form of local consumption (decoction). Otherwise, P. radicata presents a similar nutritional value to A.bisporus, one of the most consumed and cultivated mushrooms worldwide. Its decoction presents good antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. From the extracts obtained with solvents of increasing polarity of the two species, those with potential antitumor and anti-inflammatory activity were identified and their chemical characterization was carrid out. The results obtained give scientific support for the use of both species, because of their great nutritional contribution, the bioactivities and the compounds of interest (nutritional and pharmacological) detected in both, that can extend their use in medicinal (traditional and modern) and in food as functional ingredients with health benefits in disease prevention.
Description
Mestrado em cooperação com a Universidade de Salamanca
Keywords
Chipilín Tenquique