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O melhoramento genético é considerado um dos fatores que mais contribuiu para a revolução verde do milho (Zea mays L.). As variedades hibridas, apresentam melhor performance agronómica da que podem alcançar as variedades regionais de polinização livre. A duração do ciclo é também dos fatores que mais pode diferenciar os diferentes materiais genéticos cultivados, apresentando as variedades de ciclo longo melhor potencial produtivo que as variedades de ciclo curto. Neste estudo comparou-se o comportamento agronómico de variedades regionais provenientes de Montalegre (Portugal) e de Benguela (Angola), e híbridos recomendados para o Norte de Portugal (PR36Y03) e para a região sul de Angola (SC411SRT). As plantas foram submetidas a seis tratamentos fertilizantes orgânicos e minerais: estrume de vaca; composto orgânico comercial; N0 (testemunha sem aplicação de fertilizante azotado); N1 (50 kg N ha-1); N2 (100 kg N ha-1); e N3 (200 kg N ha-1). A variedade de polinização livre (Montalegre) apresentou um ciclo particularmente curto em comparação com as restantes. A variedade regional de Angola apresentou ciclo muito longo. A cultura do milho revelou características morfológicas distintas relativamente às diferentes doses de fertilizante utilizadas, onde o tratamento fertilizante com a dose de 200 kg N ha-1 se mostrou mais eficiente, e o tratamento Estrume o que apresentou os resultados mais baixos. A variedade híbrida recomendada para a região sul de Angola (SC411SRT) foi a mais produtiva, apresentando os valores mais elevados em produção de grão (9,8 Mg ha-1) e a variedade regional de Angola a que valor mais baixo apresentou (0,8 Mg ha-1), devido ao seu ciclo vegetativo particularmente longo. A variedade regional de Montalegre, apesar do seu ciclo particularmente curto, conseguiu alcançar resultado de produção bastante satisfatório (5,7 Mg ha-1).
Genetic improvement is considered to be one of the factors that have most contributed to the green revolution of corn (Zea mays L.). The hybrid varieties show better agronomic performance than the regional varieties of free pollination can achieve. The length of the growing cycle is also one of the factors that can more differentiate the different cultivated genetic materials, presenting the long cycle varieties better performances than the short cycle varieties. This study compared the agronomic behavior of regional varieties from Montalegre (Portugal) and Benguela (Angola), and recommended hybrids for northern Portugal (PR36Y03) and southern Angola (SC411SRT). The plants were submitted to six organic and mineral fertilizer treatments: cow manure; commercial organic compound; N0 (control without application of nitrogen fertilizer); N1 (50 kg N ha-1); N2 (100 kg N ha-1); And N3 (200 kg N ha-1). The free pollinated variety (Montalegre) presented a particularly short growing cycle compared with the others. The regional variety of Angola presented a very long cycle. The maize crop showed different morphological traits regarding the different doses of fertilizer used, where the fertilizer treatment with the dose of 200 kg N ha-1 was shown to be more efficient, and the manure treatment showed the lowest results. The hybrid variety recommended for the southern region of Angola (SC411SRT) was the most productive, presenting the highest grain production (9,8 Mg ha-1) and the regional variety of Angola presented the lower value (0, 8 Mg ha-1) due to its particularly long growing cycle. The regional variety of Montalegre, despite its particularly short cycle, managed to achieve a very satisfactory grain productiont (5,7 Mg ha-1).
Genetic improvement is considered to be one of the factors that have most contributed to the green revolution of corn (Zea mays L.). The hybrid varieties show better agronomic performance than the regional varieties of free pollination can achieve. The length of the growing cycle is also one of the factors that can more differentiate the different cultivated genetic materials, presenting the long cycle varieties better performances than the short cycle varieties. This study compared the agronomic behavior of regional varieties from Montalegre (Portugal) and Benguela (Angola), and recommended hybrids for northern Portugal (PR36Y03) and southern Angola (SC411SRT). The plants were submitted to six organic and mineral fertilizer treatments: cow manure; commercial organic compound; N0 (control without application of nitrogen fertilizer); N1 (50 kg N ha-1); N2 (100 kg N ha-1); And N3 (200 kg N ha-1). The free pollinated variety (Montalegre) presented a particularly short growing cycle compared with the others. The regional variety of Angola presented a very long cycle. The maize crop showed different morphological traits regarding the different doses of fertilizer used, where the fertilizer treatment with the dose of 200 kg N ha-1 was shown to be more efficient, and the manure treatment showed the lowest results. The hybrid variety recommended for the southern region of Angola (SC411SRT) was the most productive, presenting the highest grain production (9,8 Mg ha-1) and the regional variety of Angola presented the lower value (0, 8 Mg ha-1) due to its particularly long growing cycle. The regional variety of Montalegre, despite its particularly short cycle, managed to achieve a very satisfactory grain productiont (5,7 Mg ha-1).
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Keywords
Zea mays Fertilização orgânica Fertilização azotada Morfologia Produção de grão