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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A cultura de tomate é muito exigente em água e fertilização azotada, sendo a necessidade de
aplicação destes fatores de crescimento elevada em zonas áridas e semiáridas. A aplicação de
estratégias de irrigação deficitária (ID) para esta cultura pode contribuir extremamente para
economizar água de irrigação. O objetivo desse estudo consiste em avaliar os efeitos de diferentes
níveis de rega e de fertilização azotada no rendimento da cultura do tomate (cultivar coração- deboi)
e nos principais parâmetros de qualidade.
O ensaio foi delineado em talhões subdivididos (“split block”) com três tratamentos de
irrigação: 33,3%ETc (R1); 66,7%ETc (R2) e 100%ETc (R3) e quatro níveis de azoto: sem azoto (N0),
50 kg ha-1 (N50), 100 kg ha-1 (N100) e 200 kg ha-1 (N200). As características quantitativas e
qualitativas avaliadas foram: número de frutos por planta, diâmetro do fruto, massa fresca do fruto,
produtividade, pH da polpa, teor de sólidos solúveis totais (°Brix), consistência e o teor em azoto,
potássio, fósforo, magnésio e cálcio.
Os resultados mostraram que houve interação significativa entre fertilização azotada e
lâminas de água para produtividade total e comercial, sendo que N200R2 apresentou melhor
resultado e N0R3 obteve pior resultado. O azoto afetou significativamente o número total de frutos
por planta, o número total de frutos por hectare, o número total de frutos comercializáveis, a
produtividade média de frutos grandes e o número de frutos grandes, sendo que N200 apresentou
melhor resultado. A consistência e o pH não foram afetadas pelos níveis de azoto e rega. O azoto
aparentemente recuperado (NAR) aumentou linearmente com o aumento da dose de fertilizante
azotado, sendo que N200 permitiu melhor NAR, com uma percentagem de 23,3 %. A concentração
de azoto aumentou com o incremento da dose de fertilização azotada, enquanto as concentrações
de fósforo, cálcio, potássio e magnésio diminuíram com o incremento da dose de fertilização
azotada aplicada e aumentaram com o aumento das lâminas de água aplicadas.
A ID aumentou o número de frutos com podridão apical. Os efeitos da ID na qualidade dos
frutos foi geralmente o inverso em relação à produção de frutos, visto que ID melhorou o teor de
sólidos solúveis totais. A produtividade da água foi positivamente afetada pela ID, sugerindo que a
cultura não beneficia da água quando esta última é fornecida para cumprir os requisitos totais de
cultura para toda a época.
IV
Em suma, a lâmina de água R2 permitiu-nos poupar 33,3% da água em relação a R3. A
adoção de estratégias de ID, onde uma redução de 33,3%ETc é aplicada e com uma dose azoto
N200 para toda a estação de crescimento, economiza água, minimizando as perdas de produção.
Tomato’s crop requires high amounts of water and nitrogen fertilization during the growing seasons, especially in arid and semi-arid zones. The deficit irrigation (DI) strategy for this crop can contribute to save water. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of different levels of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization in tomato’s (cv. coração-de-boi) yield and fruit quality. The experiment was arranged as a split block design with three irrigation treatments: 33.3%ETc (R1); 66.7%ETc (R2) e 100%ETc (R3) and four nitrogen rates: no nitrogen (N0), 50 kg ha-1 (N50), 100 kg ha-1 (N100) and 200 kg ha-1 (N200). Several quantitative and qualitative characteristics were evaluated, such as: number of fruits per plant, diameter of fruits, weight per fruits, yield, total commercial fruits yields, pH of pulp, °Brix and firmness and concentration of nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium and calcium. There was found significant interaction between irrigation and nitrogen fertilization for total and commercial yields. The N200R2 treatment had the best result and the N0R3 the worst. Nitrogen significantly affected the number of fruits per plant, the number of fruits per hectare, the number of commercial fruits, the yields of large fruits, the number of large fruits, so N200 had the best result. The firmness and pH were not affected by nitrogen and irrigation. Apparent nitrogen recovery (NAR), increased linearly with the increase of nitrogen rate fertilization, so N200 had the best NAR, with a percentage of 23.3 %. Nitrogen concentration in fruits increased with the increase of nitrogen rate, while the concentration of phosphorus, calcium, potassium and magnesium decreased with the increase of nitrogen rate and increased with the irrigation. The DI increased the number of fruits with apical rot. The effects of DI in fruits quality was inverse to that of the fruit yield, since DI improved °Brix. Water productivity was positively affected for DI, suggesting that the tomato’s crop did not benefit from water in the last stage of development. In conclusion, the amount of water applied in R2 treatment allowed to save 33.3% of the water in relation to R3. So, the adoption of DI strategies, where a reduction of 33.3%ETc is applied and with N200 for the entire growing season can save water while minimizing production losses.
Tomato’s crop requires high amounts of water and nitrogen fertilization during the growing seasons, especially in arid and semi-arid zones. The deficit irrigation (DI) strategy for this crop can contribute to save water. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of different levels of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization in tomato’s (cv. coração-de-boi) yield and fruit quality. The experiment was arranged as a split block design with three irrigation treatments: 33.3%ETc (R1); 66.7%ETc (R2) e 100%ETc (R3) and four nitrogen rates: no nitrogen (N0), 50 kg ha-1 (N50), 100 kg ha-1 (N100) and 200 kg ha-1 (N200). Several quantitative and qualitative characteristics were evaluated, such as: number of fruits per plant, diameter of fruits, weight per fruits, yield, total commercial fruits yields, pH of pulp, °Brix and firmness and concentration of nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium and calcium. There was found significant interaction between irrigation and nitrogen fertilization for total and commercial yields. The N200R2 treatment had the best result and the N0R3 the worst. Nitrogen significantly affected the number of fruits per plant, the number of fruits per hectare, the number of commercial fruits, the yields of large fruits, the number of large fruits, so N200 had the best result. The firmness and pH were not affected by nitrogen and irrigation. Apparent nitrogen recovery (NAR), increased linearly with the increase of nitrogen rate fertilization, so N200 had the best NAR, with a percentage of 23.3 %. Nitrogen concentration in fruits increased with the increase of nitrogen rate, while the concentration of phosphorus, calcium, potassium and magnesium decreased with the increase of nitrogen rate and increased with the irrigation. The DI increased the number of fruits with apical rot. The effects of DI in fruits quality was inverse to that of the fruit yield, since DI improved °Brix. Water productivity was positively affected for DI, suggesting that the tomato’s crop did not benefit from water in the last stage of development. In conclusion, the amount of water applied in R2 treatment allowed to save 33.3% of the water in relation to R3. So, the adoption of DI strategies, where a reduction of 33.3%ETc is applied and with N200 for the entire growing season can save water while minimizing production losses.
Description
Keywords
Rega deficitária Produtividade da água Azoto aparentemente recuperado Solanum lycopersicum Sustentabilidade