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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O aumento da produção distribuída nas redes elétricas em geral, e da energia solar
fotovoltaica em particular, colocam novos desafios na utilização da energia, na operação
do sector elétrico e de planeamento das redes. Em relação ao primeiro, os consumidores
deixaram de ter apenas esse papel e assumem também um papel de produtores de
energia, tornando-se ativos nos sistemas elétricos de energia, ou seja, tornam-se
prosumidores.
Neste contexto, apresenta-se neste trabalho uma alternativa para que os
prosumidores possam tirar proveito da energia que produzem para cobrir parte das suas
necessidades de eletricidade. Assim, para gerir estas necessidades apresentam-se as
características de diversos equipamentos e sistemas elétricos do sector residencial,
possibilitando a definição de um perfil de cargas para cada equipamento, e sua
otimização/adequação à disponibilidade diária de produção de energia renovável, em
particular a de origem fotovoltaica. Para a identificação das curvas características dos
equipamentos, recorreu-se à Série de Fourier que irá servir para fazer a aproximação à
curva resultante dos dados reais obtidos por monitorização. Depois de caracterizados os
equipamentos, traçado o perfil de consumos diários de uma habitação é feita a sua
otimização de modo a aproveitar o máximo da energia elétrica produzida pelos painéis
fotovoltaicos.
Além dos benefícios referidos para os utilizadores de energia, é de salientar que
os resultados apresentados poderão ter uma grande utilidade prática, quer para as
empresas instaladoras de sistemas solares fotovoltaicos, pois permite-lhes identificar à
partida qual a potência fotovoltaica ótima para uma determinada habitação, uma vez que
será feita uma caracterização geral de consumo/produção de uma habitação tipo, quer
para os operadores da rede de distribuição, pois permite-lhes ter informação do fluxo de
energia.
The increase in distributed energy production in general, and photovoltaic solar energy in particular, psose new challenges in the use of energy and in the operation and planning of the electric grid. Nowadays, consumers are no longer just energy consumers but they are also energy producers, becoming active players in the electric power systems, that is, becoming prosumers. In this context, this paper presents a way for the prosumers to take advantage of the energy they produce to cover part of its electricity needs. In order to manage these needs, the characteristics of several residential electrical equipment and systems are presented, including the tracing of a load profile and its optimization by adapting it to the daily availability of energy production, particularly by photovoltaic systems. For the identification of those characteristics it was used the Fourier Series as the curve fitting technic for approaching to the real data obtained by monitoring. After the characterization of the equipment, the daily consumption profile of a household is traced, in order to optimize the use of the energy produced by photovoltaic panels. In addition to the benefits obtained for the energy consumers, it should be noted that these results may have tremendous practical applications to the companies dealing with the installation of photovoltaic solar systems, as it allows them to identify the optimum photovoltaic power consumption for a particular house, and also for the operators dealing with the distribution of power grid, once it allows them to have comprehensive information about the flow of energy.
The increase in distributed energy production in general, and photovoltaic solar energy in particular, psose new challenges in the use of energy and in the operation and planning of the electric grid. Nowadays, consumers are no longer just energy consumers but they are also energy producers, becoming active players in the electric power systems, that is, becoming prosumers. In this context, this paper presents a way for the prosumers to take advantage of the energy they produce to cover part of its electricity needs. In order to manage these needs, the characteristics of several residential electrical equipment and systems are presented, including the tracing of a load profile and its optimization by adapting it to the daily availability of energy production, particularly by photovoltaic systems. For the identification of those characteristics it was used the Fourier Series as the curve fitting technic for approaching to the real data obtained by monitoring. After the characterization of the equipment, the daily consumption profile of a household is traced, in order to optimize the use of the energy produced by photovoltaic panels. In addition to the benefits obtained for the energy consumers, it should be noted that these results may have tremendous practical applications to the companies dealing with the installation of photovoltaic solar systems, as it allows them to identify the optimum photovoltaic power consumption for a particular house, and also for the operators dealing with the distribution of power grid, once it allows them to have comprehensive information about the flow of energy.
Description
Keywords
Ajuste de curvas Série de Fourier Autoconsumo Sistemas fotovoltaicos Perfis de consumo