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Abstract(s)
Las enfermedades cardiovasculares constituyen la principal causa de muerte en el mundo. La alteración del endotelio vascular y el incremento del estrés oxidativo están asociados al desarrollo de algunas enfermedades cardiovasculares, por lo que la incorporación de antioxidantes a la dieta puede ser una buena terapia alternativa.
Pese a su gran uso en la medicina tradicional y a ser un producto de desecho que se puede adquirir en gran cantidad, se han realizado pocos estudios sobre los rabos de cereza. Dado que en estudios previos se identificaron varios compuestos polifenólicos en esta matriz y la actividad beneficiosa de este tipo de compuestos sobre la salud cardiovascular ya está descrita, nos planteamos estudiar el efecto antioxidante y la actividad vascular de distintos extractos polifenólicos de P. avium.
Hemos realizado un fraccionamiento con los rabos de cereza secos y triturados utilizando disolventes de diferentes polaridades: hexano, diclorometano, acetato de etilo, metanol y agua y decocción del marco vegetal. Además, se han realizado dos preparaciones acuosas al 0,5%, infusión y decocción, que representan las formulaciones tradicionalmente utilizadas por la población general. Los extractos más apolares se analizaron por la técnica GC-MS y los resultados se compararon con bases de datos de espectros y con publicaciones, con el fin de identificar los compuestos presentes.
En total, fueron identificados 13 compuestos en los extractos apolares de P. avium: el ácido pálmitico, 7 hidrocarburos lineales (n-pentacosano, n-hexacosano, n-heptacosano, n-octacosano, n-nonacosano, n-triacontano y n-hentriacontano) y el perfil de fitosteroles (campesterol, estigmasterol, clerosterol, β-sitosterol y Δ5-avenasterol).
Los ensayos de reactividad vascular se realizaron en anillos aislados de arteria aorta de rata. Se valoró la actividad vasodilatadora directa mediante la construcción de curvas concentración-respuesta y se investigó su mecanismo de acción incubando con diferentes bloqueantes. Además, se valoró su capacidad antioxidante sobre radicales DPPH y radicales superóxido generados por pirogalol y NADPH.
Los resultados muestran que todos los extractos presentan un efecto vasodilatador dependiente fundamentalmente del endotelio y que el mecanismo de acción está relacionado con la vía del óxido nítrico. Además, demostramos que todos los extractos ensayados tienen la capacidad para neutralizar de radicales libres excepto la decocción del marco vegetal.
Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death globally. Alteration of vascular endothelium and increased oxidative stress are related with de development of some cardiovascular diseases, so the incorporation of antioxidant to diet can be a good alternative therapy. Despite its large use in the traditional medicine and the fact that it is a waste product that can be puchased in large quantity, there are few studies about cherry stalks. In previous studies, several polyphenolic compounds were identified in this matrix and the beneficial activity on cardiovascular health of this kind of compounds is already described, so we decided to study the antioxidant effect and the vascular activity of polyphenolic cherry tail extracts. Fractionation was performed with dried and crushed cherry stalks using different polarity solvents: hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water and a decoction of vegetable frame. In addition, there have been done two aqueous preparations at a rate of 0.5%, infusion and decoction, representing the formulations traditionally used by the general population. More apolar extracts were analyzed by GC-MS technique and the results were compared with spectra databases and publications, in order to identify the compounds present. In total, 13 compounds were identified in the apolar extracts of P. avium: palmitic acid, 7 linear hydrocarbons (n-pentacosane, n-hexacosane, n-heptacosane, n-octacosane, n-nonacosane, n-triacontane and n- hentriacontano) and the profile of phytosterols (campesterol, stigmasterol, clerosterol, β-sitosterol and Δ5-avenasterol). Vascular reactivity tests were performed on isolated rat aorta rings. Direct vasodilator activity was assessed by constructing concentration-response curves and its mechanism of action incubating with different blockers was investigated. In addition, its antioxidant capacity on DPPH radical and superoxide radicals generated by pyrogallol and NADPH was assessed. The results show that the extracts have a vasodilating effect dependent mainly on the endothelium and that the mechanism of action is related to the nitric oxide pathway. In addition, we show that all the tested extracts have free radical scavenging capacity except the vegetable frame decoction.
Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death globally. Alteration of vascular endothelium and increased oxidative stress are related with de development of some cardiovascular diseases, so the incorporation of antioxidant to diet can be a good alternative therapy. Despite its large use in the traditional medicine and the fact that it is a waste product that can be puchased in large quantity, there are few studies about cherry stalks. In previous studies, several polyphenolic compounds were identified in this matrix and the beneficial activity on cardiovascular health of this kind of compounds is already described, so we decided to study the antioxidant effect and the vascular activity of polyphenolic cherry tail extracts. Fractionation was performed with dried and crushed cherry stalks using different polarity solvents: hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water and a decoction of vegetable frame. In addition, there have been done two aqueous preparations at a rate of 0.5%, infusion and decoction, representing the formulations traditionally used by the general population. More apolar extracts were analyzed by GC-MS technique and the results were compared with spectra databases and publications, in order to identify the compounds present. In total, 13 compounds were identified in the apolar extracts of P. avium: palmitic acid, 7 linear hydrocarbons (n-pentacosane, n-hexacosane, n-heptacosane, n-octacosane, n-nonacosane, n-triacontane and n- hentriacontano) and the profile of phytosterols (campesterol, stigmasterol, clerosterol, β-sitosterol and Δ5-avenasterol). Vascular reactivity tests were performed on isolated rat aorta rings. Direct vasodilator activity was assessed by constructing concentration-response curves and its mechanism of action incubating with different blockers was investigated. In addition, its antioxidant capacity on DPPH radical and superoxide radicals generated by pyrogallol and NADPH was assessed. The results show that the extracts have a vasodilating effect dependent mainly on the endothelium and that the mechanism of action is related to the nitric oxide pathway. In addition, we show that all the tested extracts have free radical scavenging capacity except the vegetable frame decoction.
Description
Mestrado em cooperação com a Universidade de Salamanca