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Authors
Abstract(s)
No presente trabalho, apresentam-se estudos de avaliação das propriedades bioactivas e
da composição nutricional de dezanove espécies de cogumelos silvestres provenientes
de Portugal (Clitocybe alexandri, Cortinarius glaucopus, Fistulina hepatica, Hydnum
repandum, Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca, Hypholoma capnoides, Laccaria amethystina,
Laccaria laccata, Lactarius aurantiacus, Lactarius salmonicolor, Lepista inversa,
Lepista sordida, Mycena rosea, Russula delica, Russula vesca, Suillus collinitus, Suillus
mediterraneensis, Tricholoma sulphureum, Tricholoma imbricatum).
A actividade antioxidante foi avaliada através de ensaios de determinação da capacidade
bloqueadora de radicais livres, do poder redutor e da inibição da peroxidação lipídica
em soluções de lipossomas. A composição das amostras em tocoferóis foi determinada
por Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência (HPLC) acoplada a um detector de
fluorescência. Os perfis em ácidos gordos e açúcares foram obtidos por cromatografia
gasosa acoplada a um detector de ionização de chama (GC/FID) e por HPLC acoplada a
um detector de índice de refracção (RID), respectivamente.
As espécies analisadas mostraram ser fontes importantes de antioxidantes
nomeadamente fenóis (0,51–7,90 mg/g) e tocoferóis (0,02–8,04 μg/g). β-tocoferol foi a
forma encontrada em maiores quantidades enquanto que δ-tocoferol não foi detectado
na maioria das amostras. Todas as espécies mostraram ter actividade antioxidante,
sendo esta mais significativa para a amostra Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca (valores de
EC50 inferiores a 1,35 mg/ml) devido à contribuição de fenóis (7,90 mg/g) e tocoferóis
(1,94 μg/g).
A determinação do perfil em macronutrientes demonstrou que os cogumelos silvestres
são fontes ricas em proteínas (24,32-76,63 g/100 g) e glícidos (10,35-55,48 g/100 g),
apresentando baixos valores de lípidos (0,36-2,63 g/100 g). A espécie que revelou maior
valor energético foi H. aurantiaca. A análise da composição em ácidos gordos conduziu
à quantificação de 25 moléculas. Predominaram os ácidos gordos insaturados,
particularmente os ácidos oleico e linoleico (17-61% e 20-54%, respectivamente). A
metodologia de análise de açúcares foi completamente validada no âmbito deste
trabalho. Obteve-se um período de separação de 10 minutos e o método utilizado
mostrou ser sensível, reprodutível e preciso. Arabinose (1,53-7,66 g/100 g), manitol
(0,38-18,41 g/100 g) e trealose (0,21-18,66 g/100 g) foram os açúcares mais
abundantes. Os estudos efectuados descrevem o potencial nutracêutico das espécies analisadas,
disponibilizando informação que leve a uma melhor gestão e conservação dos
macrofungos e respectivos habitats.
The present study describes the bioactive properties and nutritional composition of nineteen wild mushrooms from Portugal (Clitocybe alexandri, Cortinarius glaucopus, Fistulina hepatica, Hydnum repandum, Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca, Hypholoma capnoides, Laccaria amethystina, Laccaria laccata, Lactarius aurantiacus, Lactarius salmonicolor, Lepista inversa, Lepista sordida, Mycena rosea, Russula delica, Russula vesca, Suillus collinitus, Suillus mediterraneensis, Tricholoma sulphureum, Tricholoma imbricatum). The antioxidant activity was evaluated through radical-scavenging capacity, reducing power and inhibition of lipid peroxidation in liposome solutions assays. Furthermore, the tocopherols composition was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to a fluorescence detector. Fatty acid and sugar profiles were obtained by gas chromatography coupled to a flame ionization detector (GC/FID) and HPLC coupled to a refraction index detector (RID), respectively. The analysed mushrooms contain powerful antioxidants such as phenols (0.51– 7.90 mg/g) and tocopherols (0.02–8.04 μg/g). β-Tocopherol was the vitamer detected in higher amounts, while δ-tocopherol was not detected in the majority of the samples. All the species proved to have antioxidant activity being more significant for Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca (EC50 values lower than 1.35 mg/ml) due to the contribution of antioxidants such as phenols (7.90 mg/g) and tocopherols (1.94 μg/g). The macronutrient profile in general revealed that the wild mushrooms were rich sources of protein (24.32–76.63 g/100 g) and carbohydrates (10.35–55.48 g/100 g), and had low amounts of fat (0.36–2.63 g/100 g). The highest energetic contribution was guaranteed by H. aurantiaca. The analysis of fatty acid composition allowed the quantification of 25 fatty acids. Unsaturated fatty acids and, in particular, oleic and linoleic acids, were predominant (17–61% and 20–54%, respectively). Sugars methodology analysis was completely validated being all the compounds separated in a period of time of 10 min; the method proved to be sensitive, reproducible and accurate. Arabinose (1.53–7.66 g/100 g), mannitol (0.38–18.41 g/100 g) and trehalose (0.21– 18.66 g/ 100 g) were the most abundant sugars. The present study states the nutraceutical potential of the analysed species, making the information available for a better management and conservation of mushrooms and related habitats.
The present study describes the bioactive properties and nutritional composition of nineteen wild mushrooms from Portugal (Clitocybe alexandri, Cortinarius glaucopus, Fistulina hepatica, Hydnum repandum, Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca, Hypholoma capnoides, Laccaria amethystina, Laccaria laccata, Lactarius aurantiacus, Lactarius salmonicolor, Lepista inversa, Lepista sordida, Mycena rosea, Russula delica, Russula vesca, Suillus collinitus, Suillus mediterraneensis, Tricholoma sulphureum, Tricholoma imbricatum). The antioxidant activity was evaluated through radical-scavenging capacity, reducing power and inhibition of lipid peroxidation in liposome solutions assays. Furthermore, the tocopherols composition was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to a fluorescence detector. Fatty acid and sugar profiles were obtained by gas chromatography coupled to a flame ionization detector (GC/FID) and HPLC coupled to a refraction index detector (RID), respectively. The analysed mushrooms contain powerful antioxidants such as phenols (0.51– 7.90 mg/g) and tocopherols (0.02–8.04 μg/g). β-Tocopherol was the vitamer detected in higher amounts, while δ-tocopherol was not detected in the majority of the samples. All the species proved to have antioxidant activity being more significant for Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca (EC50 values lower than 1.35 mg/ml) due to the contribution of antioxidants such as phenols (7.90 mg/g) and tocopherols (1.94 μg/g). The macronutrient profile in general revealed that the wild mushrooms were rich sources of protein (24.32–76.63 g/100 g) and carbohydrates (10.35–55.48 g/100 g), and had low amounts of fat (0.36–2.63 g/100 g). The highest energetic contribution was guaranteed by H. aurantiaca. The analysis of fatty acid composition allowed the quantification of 25 fatty acids. Unsaturated fatty acids and, in particular, oleic and linoleic acids, were predominant (17–61% and 20–54%, respectively). Sugars methodology analysis was completely validated being all the compounds separated in a period of time of 10 min; the method proved to be sensitive, reproducible and accurate. Arabinose (1.53–7.66 g/100 g), mannitol (0.38–18.41 g/100 g) and trehalose (0.21– 18.66 g/ 100 g) were the most abundant sugars. The present study states the nutraceutical potential of the analysed species, making the information available for a better management and conservation of mushrooms and related habitats.