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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A introdução de novos sistemas de gestão da vegetação herbácea em olivais de
Trás-os-Montes tem realçado o interesse em conhecer os efeitos produzidos na
variabilidade espacial das propriedades do solo. Com o presente trabalho pretende-se
avaliar o efeito de diferentes sistemas de gestão do coberto vegetal herbáceo em
olivais na distribuição espacial de propriedades físicas e químicas do solo. O estudo
decorreu em nove olivais com os seguintes sistemas de gestão do solo: (MT) solo nu ao
longo de todo o ano, com recurso à mobilização tradicional; (HB) cobertura do solo por
vegetação natural, com controlo efetuado por aplicação de herbicidas na linha de
plantação (LP) e destroçamento da vegetação seca na entrelinha (EL); (LS) cobertura
do solo por espécies de leguminosas semeadas, com controlo efetuado por pastoreio e
posterior destroçamento da vegetação seca e (VN) cobertura do solo por vegetação
natural. Em cada olival foram selecionados 16 locais (8 na LP e 8 na EL), onde se
procedeu à colheita de amostras de solo perturbadas e não perturbadas na
profundidade 0-5 cm. Foram determinados vários parâmetros físicos e químicos do
solo e calculou-se índices de enriquecimento (IE). Os olivais que utilizam coberturas
vivas apresentam acumulação de resíduos orgânicos à superfície, sendo esta sempre
superior na LP, o que conduz a teores de matéria orgânica superiores e com
distribuição espacial mais homogénea comparativamente aos olivais mobilizados. Em
concordância com esta observação, a densidade aparente é menor na LP apresentando
variabilidade espacial inferior nos olivais com leguminosas semeadas. Os nutrientes do
solo não apresentam uma tendência consistente com o sistema de gestão do solo, mas
de um modo geral, os olivais com coberto de leguminosas tendem a apresentar maior
homogeneidade espacial.
The introduction of management systems for the herbaceous vegetation in olive grove from Trás-os-Montes has been stressing the interest for the knowledge about the effects caused to the spatial variability of soil properties. The objective of this work is to evaluate the effect of different management systems of herbaceous ground covers in the different spatial physical and chemical soil properties of the olive grove. The study took place in nine olive groves that have been managed with the following systems: (1) naked soil due to mobilization; (2) soil covered by natural vegetation controlled by herbicides on the plantation row and dried vegetation broken into pieces on the row between the trees; (3) soil covered by sown leguminous, controlled by grazing and (4) soil covered by natural vegetation. In each olive grove, 16 places (eight in the plantation row and eight in the row between the trees) were selected and disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were collected at 0-5 cm depth. Several physical and chemical soil parameters were calculated as well as the enrichment index (IE). Results showed that the olive groves with soil covers accumulated organic materials on the surface, reaching higher values in the plantation row, and producing higher levels of organic matter with more homogeneous spatial distribution when compared with mobilized groves. In agreement with this observation, the apparent density is lower in the plantation row showing an inferior spatial variability in the olive groves covered by sown leguminous. Soil nutrients did not show a consistent trend with the soil management system but, in a general way, the olive groves covered by sown leguminous had a tendency to present higher spatial homogeneity.
The introduction of management systems for the herbaceous vegetation in olive grove from Trás-os-Montes has been stressing the interest for the knowledge about the effects caused to the spatial variability of soil properties. The objective of this work is to evaluate the effect of different management systems of herbaceous ground covers in the different spatial physical and chemical soil properties of the olive grove. The study took place in nine olive groves that have been managed with the following systems: (1) naked soil due to mobilization; (2) soil covered by natural vegetation controlled by herbicides on the plantation row and dried vegetation broken into pieces on the row between the trees; (3) soil covered by sown leguminous, controlled by grazing and (4) soil covered by natural vegetation. In each olive grove, 16 places (eight in the plantation row and eight in the row between the trees) were selected and disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were collected at 0-5 cm depth. Several physical and chemical soil parameters were calculated as well as the enrichment index (IE). Results showed that the olive groves with soil covers accumulated organic materials on the surface, reaching higher values in the plantation row, and producing higher levels of organic matter with more homogeneous spatial distribution when compared with mobilized groves. In agreement with this observation, the apparent density is lower in the plantation row showing an inferior spatial variability in the olive groves covered by sown leguminous. Soil nutrients did not show a consistent trend with the soil management system but, in a general way, the olive groves covered by sown leguminous had a tendency to present higher spatial homogeneity.
Description
Keywords
Vegetação herbácea Linha de plantação Entrelinha Nutrientes
Citation
Fonseca, Felícia; Queirós, Anabela; Buch, Andressa; Carvalho, Filipe Chichorro de; Sousa, José Paulo; Santos, Sónia A.P. (2012). Variação espacial de propriedades físicas e químicas do solo em olivais de Trás-os-Montes. In Bento, Albino; Pereira, J.A. (Eds.) VI Simpósio Nacional de Olivicultura. Mirandela. p. 159-168. ISBN 978‐972‐8936‐12‐9
Publisher
Associação Portuguesa de Horticultura